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THOR on YouTubeFormer editor of Grays Anatomy Dr Mary Dyson PhD, a popular speaker at LLLT conferences, describes how she got involved with low level laser / light therapy research when she was head of tissue repair research at Guys Hospital London UK.
43 LLLT papers for your review, including reduced muscle fatigue when training, improved nerve conduction in diabetic polyneuropathy, improved bold flow in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, improved hair density and hair thickness in women, improved healing of dry sockets after tooth extraction, a paper I co-authored showing how LLLT reduces cognitive deficits and inhibits microglial activation after TBI in mice, and many many more.
de Brito Vieira WH, Ferraresi C, de Andrade Perez SE, Baldissera V, Parizotto NA
Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (Campus Universitario Lagoa Nova), Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil, hericksonfisio@yahoo.com.br.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown efficacy in muscle bioenergetic activation and its effects could influence the mechanical performance of this tissue during physical exercise. This study tested whether endurance training associated with LLLT could increase human muscle performance in isokinetic dynamometry when compared to the same training without LLLT. The primary objective was to determine the fatigue index of the knee extensor muscles (FIext) and the secondary objective was to determine the total work of the knee extensor muscles (TWext). Included in the study were 45 clinically healthy women (21 +/- 1.78 years old) who were randomly distributed into three groups: CG (control group), TG (training group) and TLG (training with LLLT group). The training for the TG and TLG groups involved cycle ergometer exercise with load applied to the ventilatory threshold (VT) for 9 consecutive weeks. Immediately after each training session, LLLT was applied to the femoral quadriceps muscle of both lower limbs of the TLG subjects using an infrared laser device (808 nm) with six 60-mW diodes with an energy of 0.6 J per diode and a total energy applied to each limb of 18 J. VT was determined by ergospirometry during an incremental exercise test and muscle performance was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer at 240 degrees /s. Only the TLG showed a decrease in FIext in the nondominant lower limb (P = 0.016) and the dominant lower limb (P = 0.006). Both the TLG and the TG showed an increase in TWext in the nondominant lower limb (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively) and in the dominant lower limb (P < 0.000 and P < 0.000, respectively). The CG showed no reduction in FIext or TWext in either lower limb. The results suggest that an endurance training program combined with LLLT leads to a greater reduction in fatigue than an endurance training program without LLLT. This is relevant to everyone involved in sport and rehabilitation.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 26
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Khamseh ME, Kazemikho N, Aghili R, Forough B, Lajevardi M, Hashem Dabaghian F, Goushegir A, Malek M
Endocrine Research Center (Firouzgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Hemmat Campus), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, m-khamseh@tums.ac.ir.
Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been considered as a treatment modality in diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of LILT on DSP. We examined 107 subjects with type 2 diabetes for detection of DSP using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Seventeen subjects were eligible to be enrolled in the study. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed in all eligible subjects as an objective method to confirm neuropathy. The participants received LILT three times a week for ten sessions. NCSs were reevaluated after completion of the treatment. The absolute changes in NCS parameters were considered to establish the effectiveness of the treatment. Baseline demographics were similar in all participants. The mean differences of NCV parameters were considered for comparison. At the end of the study, the subjects showed a significant increase in neural potential amplitudes (p < 0.05). This study clearly demonstrated a significant positive effect of LILT on improvement of nerve conduction velocity on diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). This finding supports the therapeutic potential of LILT in DSP.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 19
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de Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RA, De Marchi T, Tomazoni SS, Albertini R, Correa JC, Rossi RP, Machado GP, da Silva DP, Bjordal JM, Leal Junior EC
Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 01504-001, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
In animal and clinical trials low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using red, infrared and mixed wavelengths has been shown to delay the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. However, the parameters employed in these studies do not allow a conclusion as to which wavelength range is better in delaying the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. With this perspective in mind, we compared the effects of red and infrared LLLT on skeletal muscle fatigue. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed in ten healthy male volunteers. They were treated with active red LLLT, active infrared LLLT (660 or 830 nm, 50 mW, 17.85 W/cm(2), 100 s irradiation per point, 5 J, 1,785 J/cm(2) at each point irradiated, total 20 J irradiated per muscle) or an identical placebo LLLT at four points of the biceps brachii muscle for 3 min before exercise (voluntary isometric elbow flexion for 60 s). The mean peak force was significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (12.14%) and infrared LLLT (14.49%) than following placebo LLLT, and the mean average force was also significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (13.09%) and infrared LLLT (13.24%) than following placebo LLLT. There were no significant differences in mean average force or mean peak force between red and infrared LLLT. We conclude that both red than infrared LLLT are effective in delaying the development skeletal muscle fatigue and in enhancement of skeletal muscle performance. Further studies are needed to identify the specific mechanisms through which each wavelength acts.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Jul 22
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Lukowicz M, Zalewski P, Bulatowicz I, Buszko K, Klawe JJ
Department of Laser Therapy and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum – Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
Background: The purpose of our experiment was to determine whether laser stimulation can improve microcirculation in the posterior regions of the brain in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Material/Methods: We studied 25 patients (20 female, 5 male, mean age 64) diagnosed with chronic VBI. All were evaluated using the De Klyn test, followed by qualitative assessment of stability using a Berg Balance Scale and evaluation of global stability using an electronic balance platform. A CTL-1100 low power laser was used with standard parameters. We established a protocol for laser irradiation at 5 points along the vertebral artery in the cervical region bilaterally. Irradiation was performed 10 times over two weeks. Results: Significant improvement occurred after therapy in headache (p=0.0005), vertigo (p<0.0000), and tinnitus (p=0.0387). No significant differences were observed in nausea or nystagmus caused by head rotation. The Berg Balance Scale results showed significant differences in almost all features. There was a tendency towards improved stability in all parameters, and statistically significant differences in the total surface of support and the spread surface of support for the left foot. Conclusions: Laser stimulation as applied in this study can be useful in the treatment of patients with VBI. The main reason for improvement in global stability, balance, and other VBI symptoms is better blood perfusion.
Med Sci Monit 2011 Aug 22 17(9) CR517-522
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Lee GY, Lee SJ, Kim WS
Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Background Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, and its prevalence increases with advancing age. Affected women may experience psychological distress and social withdrawal. A variety of laser and light sources have been tried for treatment of hair loss, and some success has been reported. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser in treatment of female pattern hair loss. Patients and methods Twenty eight ethnic South Korean patients with varying degrees of FPHL were enrolled in the study. Patients received ten treatments with a 1550 nm fractional Er:Glass Laser (Mosaic, Lutronic Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea) at 2-weeks intervals using the same parameters (5-10 mm tip, 6 mJ pulse energy, 800 spot/cm(2) density, static mode). Phototrichogram and global photographs were taken at baseline and at the end of laser treatment, and analysed for changes in hair density and hair shaft diameter. Global photographs underwent blinded review by three independent dermatologists using a 7-point scale. Patients also answered questionnaires assessing hair growth throughout the study. All adverse effects were reported during the study. Results Twenty seven patients completed a 5-month schedule of laser treatment. One patient was excluded during treatment due to occurrence of alopecia areata. At the initial visit, mean hair density was 100 +/- 14/cm(2) , and mean hair thickness was 58 +/- 12 mum. After 5 months of laser treatment, hair density showed a marked increase to 157 +/- 28/cm(2) (P < 0.001), and hair thickness also increased to 75 +/- 13 mum (P < 0.001). Global photographs showed improvement in 24 (87.5%) of the 27 patients. Two patients (7.4%) reported mild pruritus after laser treatment; however, these resolved within 2 h. Conclusion A 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser irradiation may be an effective and safe treatment option for women with female pattern hair loss.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011 Aug 4
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Jovanovic G, Uric N, Krunic N, Tijanic M, Stojanovic S
Univerzitet u Nisu, Medicinski fakultet, Klinika za stomatologiju, Nis, Srbija.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is the extraction wound healing disorder with a presence of severe pain. Low level laser therapy stimulates cell metabolism and microcirculation, have has pronounced analgesic, antiedematous and anti-inflammatory effect and speeds up wound healing process. The aim of this study was to present results of clinical research that examined the effectiveness of low level laser in pain relief and healing of extraction wounds with alveolar osteitis in the lower jaw which was formed on the second day after tooth extraction. METHODS: The study was conducted on 60 subjects divided into the study and the control group. In both groups extraction wounds were processed in similar way, except that in the study group was applied daily treatment of low level laser with a total of eight sessions of radiation, while in the control group extraction wounds were dressed with zinc oxide eugenol paste, which was changed every 48 hours up to the pain cessation. Measurement of pain intensity was done with a visual analogue scale (VAS) 10 min prior to processing of extraction wounds and daily for the next eight days. Assessment of the effectiveness of low level laser on healing of extraction wounds was performed on the day eight of the treatment. RESULTS: On the day five after beginning of the treatment of extraction wounds with alveolar osteitis in the patients of the study group a lower average value of pain as compared to the control group was registered. This difference was increased within the following days. Extraction wounds healing in the study group was more successful and faster than in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the reduction of pain was more pronounced in the patients with alveolar osteitis whose extraction wounds were subjected to low level laser radiation in comparison to those in which extraction wounds were treated with zinc oxide eugenol paste.
Vojnosanit Pregl 2011 Jun 68(6) 506-10
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Khuman J, Zhang J, Park J, Carroll J, Whalen M
Massachusetts General Hospital , Neuroscience Center and Department of Pediatrics, 149 Thirteenth street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States, 02129; jugtakhuman@gmail.com.
Low-level laser light therapy (LLLT) exerts beneficial effects on motor and histopathological outcome after experimental TBI (Oron et al., 2007), and coherent near infrared light has been reported to improve cognitive function in patients with chronic TBI (Naeser et al., 2010). However, effects of LLLT on cognitive recovery in experimental TBI are lacking. We hypothesized that LLLT administered after controlled cortical impact (CCI) would improve postinjury Morris water maze performance. Low-level laser light (800 nm) was applied directly to the contused parenchyma or transcranially in mice beginning 60-80 min after CCI. Injured mice treated with 60 J/cm2 (500 mW/cm2 x 2 min) either transcranially or via an open craniotomy had modestly improved latency to the hidden platform (p < 0.05 for group) and probe trial performance (p < 0.01) compared to non-treated controls. The beneficial effects of LLLT in open craniotomy mice were associated with reduced microgliosis at 48h (21.8 + 2.3 vs. 39.2 + 4.2 IbA-1+ cells/x200 field, p < 0.05). Little or no effect of LLLT on postinjury cognitive function was observed using other doses, a 4 h administration time point and 7 day administration of 60 J/cm2. No effect of LLLT (60 J/cm2 open craniotomy) was observed on postinjury motor function (d 1-7), brain edema (24 h), nitrosative stress (24 h), or lesion volume (14 d). Although further dose optimization and mechanism studies are needed, the data suggest that LLLT might be a therapeutic option to improve cognitive recovery and limit inflammation after TBI.
J Neurotrauma 2011 Aug 18
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Atalay B, Yalcin S, Emes Y, Aktas I, Aybar B, Issever H, Mandel NM, Cetin O, Oncu B
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34390, Capa-Istanbul, Turkey, batalay@istanbul.edu.tr.
Bisphosphonates (BSPs) are used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, metastatic breast and lung cancer, Paget’s disease, osteoporosis, hypercalcemia due to malignancy, and many other skeletal diseases. BSPs reduce osteoclastic functions, which result in bone resorption. Bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of jaws (BRONJ) is a newly developed term that is used to describe the significant complication in patients receiving bisphosphonates. BSPs are known to exhibit an anti-angiogenetic effect that initiates tissue necrosis of the hard tissue. There is currently no consensus on the correct approach to this issue. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the effects of laser surgery with biostimulation to conventional surgery in the treatment of BSP-induced avascular bone necrosis on 20 patients who have been treated in our clinic. BRONJ was evaluated in patients with lung, prostate, and breast cancer under intravenous BSP treatment. Twenty patients in this study developed mandibular or maxillary avascular necrosis after a minor tooth extraction surgery or spontaneously. Bone turnover rates were evaluated by serum terminal C-telopeptide levels (CTX) using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique and patients were treated with laser or conventional surgical treatments and medical therapy. Ten patients were treated with laser surgery and biostimulation. An Er:YAG laser (Fotona Fidelis Plus II(R) Combine laser equipment, Slovenia) very long pulse (VLP) mode (200 mJ, 20 Hz) using a fiber tip 1.3 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length was used to remove the necrotic and granulation tissues from the area of avascular necrosis. Biostimulation was applied postoperatively using an Nd:YAG laser. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was applied to the tissues for 1 min from 4 cm distance using an Nd:YAG laser (Fotona-Slovenia) with a R24 950-microm fiber handpiece long-pulse (LP) mode, 0.25-W, 10 Hz power/cm(2) from the mentioned distance the spot size was 0.4 cm(2), and power output was 2.5 J. Energy density from the mentioned distance was calculated to be 6.25 J/cm(2). The other ten patients were treated with conventional surgery. Treatment outcomes were noted as either complete healing or incomplete healing. There were no statistically significant differences between laser surgery and conventional surgery (p > 0.05). CTX values also did not affect the prognosis of the patients. Treatment outcomes were significantly better in patients with stage II osteonecrosis than in patients with stage I osteonecrosis. Our findings suggest that dental evaluation of the patients prior to medication is an important factor in the prevention of BRONJ. Laser surgery is a beneficial alternative in the treatment of patients with this situation. Further randomized studies with larger patient numbers may also improve our understanding of treatment protocols for this situation.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 2
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Volpato LE, de Oliveira RC, Espinosa MM, Bagnato VS, Machado MA
University of Cuiaba, Cuiaba School of Dentistry, Rua Estevao de Mendonca, 317 apto 501, Goiabeiras, Cuiaba, MT, 78065-480 BrazilUniversity of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Al. Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru, SP, 17012-901 BrazilFederal University of Mato Grosso, Department of Statistics, Avenida Fernando Corre^a, s/n[ordinal indicator, masculine] Coxipo, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900 BrazilUniversity of Sao Paulo, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, Av. Trabalhador Sao-Carlense, 400 Sao Carlos, SP, 13566-590 Brazil.
Phototherapy is noninvasive, painless and has no known side effect. However, for its incorporation into clinical practice, more well-designed studies are necessary to define optimal parameters for its application. The viability of fibroblasts cultured under nutritional stress irradiated with either a red laser, an infrared laser, or a red light-emitting diode (LED) was analyzed. Irradiation parameters were: red laser (660 nm, 40 mW, 1 W/cm(2)), infrared laser (780 nm, 40 mW, 1 W/cm(2)), and red LED (637 +/- 15 nm, 40 mW, 1 W/cm(2)). All applications were punctual and performed with a spot with 0.4 mm(2) of diameter for 4 or 8 s. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance of the general linear model (p </= 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. After 72 h, phototherapy with low-intensity laser and LED showed no toxicity at the cellular level. It even stimulated methylthiazol tetrazolium assay (MTT) conversion and neutral red uptake of fibroblasts cultured under nutritional stress, especially in the group irradiated with infrared laser (p = 0.004 for MTT conversion and p < 0.001 for neutral red uptake). Considering the parameters and protocol of phototherapy used, it can be concluded that phototherapy stimulated the viability of fibroblasts cultured under nutritional deficit resembling those found in traumatized tissue in which cell viability is reduced.
J Biomed Opt 2011 Jul 16(7) 075004
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Gold MH
Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Gold Skin Care Center, and Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn., USA.
Light-emitting diode (LED) photomodulation has become a recognized player in the world of lasers and light sources. It is used to treat a variety of clinical entities, including photorejuvenation, erythema-induced injury following laser and other cosmetic procedures, and acne vulgaris. Its use has increased and will increase further as our understanding of LED devices deepens.
Curr Probl Dermatol 2011 42 173-80
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Mulholland RS, Paul MD, Chalfoun C
Private Plastic Surgery Practice, SpaMedica(R) Clinics, 66 Avenue Road, Suite 4, Toronto, ON M5R 3N8, Canada.
Noninvasive body contouring is perhaps one of the most alluring areas of esthetic surgery today. This article discusses current noninvasive body-contouring modalities, including suction massage devices, radiofrequency energy, high-frequency focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and low-level light laser therapy devices. It also discusses imminent technologies awaiting approval by the Food and Drug Administration, reviews the basic science and clinical effects behind each of these existing and emerging technologies, addresses patient selection and clinical applications of each modality, and discusses the applicability and economics of providing noninvasive lipolysis services in office.
Clin Plast Surg 2011 Jul 38(3) 503-20
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da Silva AP, Petri AD, Crippa GE, Stuani AS, Stuani AS, Rosa AL, Stuani MB
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Othodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoblastic activity of cells derived from the midpalatal suture upon treatment with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). A total of 30 rats were divided into two groups: experimental I (15 rats with RME without LLLT) and experimental II (15 rats with RME + LLLT). The rats were euthanized at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days after RME, when the osteoblastic cells derived from the rats’ midpalatal suture were explanted. These cells were cultured for periods up to 17 days, and then in vitro osteogenesis parameters and gene expression markers were evaluated. The cellular doubling time in the proliferative stage (3-7 days) was decreased in cultured cells harvested from the midpalatal suture at 24 and 48 h after RME + LLLT, as indicated by the increased growth of the cells in a culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity at days 7 and 14 of the culture was increased by LLLT in cells explanted from the midpalatal suture at 24 and 48 h and 7 days after RME. The mineralization at day 17 was increased by LLLT after RME in all periods. Results from the real-time PCR demonstrated that cells harvested from the LLLT after RME group showed higher levels of ALP, Runx2, osteocalcin, type I collagen, and bone sialoprotein mRNA than control cells. More pronounced effects on ALP activity, mineralization, and gene expression of bone markers were observed at 48 h after RME and LLLT. These results indicate that the LLLT applied after RME is able to increase the proliferation and the expression of an osteoblastic phenotype in cells derived from the midpalatal suture.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 13
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Santos AP, Suaid CA, Xavier M, Yamane F
Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK – Rodovia MGT 367 – Km 583, n masculine 5000 – Alto da Jacuba CEP: 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, apsfisio@hotmail.com.
This study evaluated the functional and quantitative differences between the early and delayed use of phototherapy in crushed median nerves. After a crush injury, low-level laser therapy (GaAs) was applied transcutaneously at the injury site, 3 min daily, with a frequency of five treatments per week for 2 weeks. In the early group, the first laser treatment started immediately after surgery, and in the delayed group, after 7 days. The grasping test was used for functional evaluation of the median nerve, before, 10, and 21 days after surgery, when the rats were killed. Three segments of the median nerve were analyzed histomorphometrically by light microscopy and computer analysis. The following features were observed: myelinated fiber and axon diameters, myelin sheath area, g-ratio, density and number of myelinated fibers, and area and number of capillaries. In the proximal segment (site of crush), the nerves of animals submitted to early and delayed treatment showed myelinated fiber diameter and myelin sheath area significantly larger compared to the untreated group. In the distal segment, the myelin sheath area was significantly smaller in the untreated animals compared to the delayed group. The untreated, early, and delayed groups presented a 50, 57, and 81% degree of functional recovery, respectively, at 21 days after injury, with a significant difference between the untreated and delayed groups. The results suggest that the nerves irradiated with low-power laser exhibit myelinated fibers of greater diameter and a better recovery of function.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 11
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Oliveira P, Sperandio E, Fernandes KR, Pastor FA, Nonaka KO, Renno AC
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil.
BACKGROUND: Electrophysical agents such as Ultrasound (US) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) have been increasingly used in physical therapy practice. Studies suggest that these devices are able to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osteogenesis at the fracture site, resulting in a greater deposition of bone mass and speeding up the consolidation process. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of US and LLLT on the bone healing process, through biomechanical and histological analysis of the bone callus. METHODS: A total of 30 rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group fracture without treatment (GC); fracture group treated with pulsed US, burst 1.5 MHz, 200us, 1KHz, 30 mW/cm(2) (GUS) and fracture group treated with laser 830nm, 100mW, 120J/cm(2) (GL). Bone defects were performed with a circular drill of 2mm in diameter in the animal’s tibias. The treatments were carried out after surgery consisting of 7 applications every 48 hours. After 14 days the animals were sacrificed and the tibias were removed to perform the analysis, being the right tibia designated for biomechanical analysis, while the left tibia for histological analysis. RESULTS: The biomechanical analysis showed no statistically significant difference between biomechanical properties of the CG, CL and GUS. In morphometric analysis, both GUS and GL showed a significantly higher woven bone tissue area compared to the control group. However, when the two treatment modalities were compared, there were no statistical differences between them. CONCLUSION: Both devices used in this study were able to accelerate the bone healing process in rats.
Rev Bras Fisioter 2011 Jun 15(3) 200-205
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Leao JC, Issa JP, Pitol DL, Rizzi EC, Dias FJ, Siessere S, Regalo SC, Iyomasa MM
Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
It is not well-understood how low-laser therapy affects the skin of the applied area. This study analyzes skin of the masseteric region of mice from the HRS/J strain after three different application regimens (three, six or ten applications per regimen) of low intensity laser at 20 J/cm(2) and 40 mW for 20 sec on alternate days. Three experimental groups according to the number of laser applications (three, six or ten) and three control groups (N = 5 animals for each group) were used. On the third day after the last irradiation, all animals were sacrificed and the skin was removed and processed to analyze the relative occupation of the test area by each epithelial layer and the aspects of neovascularization. Data were submitted to statistical analyzes. The irradiated groups compared to their respective controls at each period of time, showed no significant difference in relative occupation of the test area by the layers and epithelium areas for three and six applications, but for ten applications, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the basal and granulosum layers, and epithelium areas were found. From the comparisons of the three irradiated groups together, the group with six laser applications showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) in total epithelium and on the layers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGFR-2 immunoreactivities were similar for the control and irradiated groups. Results suggested a biostimulatory effect with low risks associated with superficial tissues, when the treatment aims the deeper layers after six applications. Anat Rec, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011 Aug 1
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Fangel R, Sergio Bossini P, Claudia Renno A, Araki Ribeiro D, Chenwei Wang C, Luri Toma R, Okino Nonaka K, Driusso P, Antonio Parizotto N, Oishi J
Federal University of Sao Carlos, Department of Physiotherapy, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo 13600-970 BrazilFederal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Bioscience, Av. Ana Costa, 95, Santos, Sao Paulo 11050240, BrazilFederal University of Sao Carlos, Department of Biology, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo 13600-970 BrazilFederal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Physiotherapy, Av. Ana Costa, 95, Santos, Sao Paulo 11050240, BrazilFederal University of Sao Carlos, Department of Statistics, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-2081, Brazil.
We investigate the effects of a novel bioactive material (Biosilicate((R))) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), at 60 J/cm(2), on bone-fracture consolidation in osteoporotic rats. Forty female Wistar rats are submitted to the ovariectomy, to induce osteopenia. Eight weeks after the ovariectomy, the animals are randomly divided into four groups, with 10 animals each: bone defect control group; bone defect filled with Biosilicate group; bone defect irradiated with laser at 60 J/cm(2) group; bone defect filled with Biosilicate and irradiated with LLLT, at 60 J/cm(2) group. Laser irradiation is initiated immediately after surgery and performed every 48 h for 14 days. Histopathological analysis points out that bone defects are predominantly filled with the biomaterial in specimens treated with Biosilicate. In the 60-J/cm(2) laser plus Biosilicate group, the biomaterial fills all bone defects, which also contained woven bone and granulation tissue. Also, the biomechanical properties are increased in the animals treated with Biosilicate associated to lasertherapy. Our results indicate that laser therapy improves bone repair process in contact with Biosilicate as a result of increasing bone formation as well as indentation biomechanical properties.
J Biomed Opt 2011 Jul 16(7) 078001
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Dantas MD, Cavalcante DR, Araujo FE, Barretto SR, Aciole GT, Pinheiro AL, Ribeiro MA, Lima-Verde IB, Melo CM, Cardoso JC, Albuquerque RL Junior
Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolandia, CEP 49030-490, Aracaju/SE, Brazil.
This paper aimed to evaluate the improvement of burn wounds healing by sodium alginate/chitosan-based films and laser therapy. Natural polymers with different biological activities are widely used as film dressings to improve wound healing. Lasers arrays accelerate the healing repair of soft tissue injuries. Burn procedures were performed on the backs of 60 male rats assigned into six groups: untreated (CTR), dressed with cellulose films (CL), dressed with sodium alginate/chitosan-based films (SC), laser-irradiated undressed wounds (LT), laser-irradiated wounds with cellulose (CLLT) and sodium alginate/chitosan-based films (SCLT). Laser therapy was applied for 7days. Animals of each group were euthanised 8 and 14days after the burn procedures. The inflammatory reaction was significantly more intense in the CTR group than in the irradiated groups after 8 and 14days. Laser therapy stimulated myofibroblastic differentiation in 8days, with or without dressing films. Combined laser therapy and both dressings improved epithelisation, blood vessels formation and collagenization, promoted rapid replacement of type III for type I collagen and favored the better arrangement of the newly formed collagen fibres. The combination of laser therapy and sodium alginate/chitosan-based dressing improves burn healing, apparently by modulating the epithelisation, blood vessels formation and collagenization processes.
J Photochem Photobiol B 2011 Jul 6
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Nelson AA, Lask GP <p>Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; South End Dermatology & Skin Care, 321 Columbus Avenue, Suite 2R, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
Laser technology has evolved rapidly in the last 2 decades. The theory of selective photothermolysis guides the proper selection and use of lasers to safely and effectively treat patients. This review summarizes the basic concepts and adjustable parameters for laser devices, emphasizing the importance of selective photothermolysis in clinical practice. It then covers the clinical applications of laser devices, including vascular lesions, hair removal, tattoo removal, facial rejuvenation, and fractional resurfacing. The authors intend to make the reader feel comfortable with the proper selection and application of lasers to treat their patients.
Clin Plast Surg 2011 Jul 38(3) 427-36
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H. Friedmann, A. Lipovsky, Y. Nitzan and R. Lubart
1) Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Bar-Ilan University_2) The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University
Abstract_We have studied the acceleration of cellular electron transfer by the combined magnetic and pulsed laser field at high peak power, but very low average intensity. To monitor the acceleration of electron transfer, the reduction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) was followed using the EPR technique. It was shown that the electromagnetic field alone, or the magnetic field alone, produced no reduction of the TEMPO EPR signal. Only a combination between a laser of very low average intensity, but high peak power and a low-intensity magnetic field, reduced the TEMPO signal. The experiment was performed in a medium containing 107 Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria per cc. It was verified that at high average intensity the obtained reduction of the TEMPO by electromagnetic radiation was unaffected by the addition of a magnetic field. A possible mechanism underlying the photo-magnetic synergy is proposed._
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18, No. 3, p.137-141 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/3/18_137/_article
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K Sasaki, T Ohshiro, T Ohshiro and Y Taniguchi
1) Keikoukai Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_The application of Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids has been already reported and investigated. According to these reports, LLLT for hypertrophic scars and keloids was accepted very quickly into routine practice. In this prospective study, we assessed LLLT for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids and examined the influence of a topical steroid. Subjects comprised 20 patients who were treated for hypertrophic scars and keloids, 9 patients treated with LLLT but no topical steroid and 11 patients treated with LLLT plus a topical steroid. Clinical photography of the lesions was performed, and 5 items were assessed for each lesion, namely Itching, Pain, Erythema, Hardness and Pliability on an 11-point scale for each value. The actual measurement values in mm and cm2 of 2 items (Thickness and size) were used. Each treatment session consisted of direct local application of an 830nm, 60mW, continuous wave, GaAlAs diode laser (Oh-lase 3D1, JMLL Tokyo Japan) to the target area for 30 seconds to 2 minutes per lesion depending on the size and number of lesions existing on each patient. The attending clinician firmly pinched the lesion between fingers and thumb during laser therapy. In both groups, a significant difference (p<0.01) between pretreatment and the 5th or 10th treatment session was recognized in the Erythema, Hardness and Pliability items. In the Itching and Thickness items, a significant difference (p<0.05) between pretreatment and the 5th or 10th treatment session was also recognized. There were no statistically significant differences between the group with no topical steroid and the group with topical steroid in most of the items, but the topical steroid group achieved better improvement in the Erythema and Hardness items after 10th treatment session, compared to the group with no topical steroid.
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18, No. 3, p.151-159 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/3/18_151/_article
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Ikuko Ohkuni, Nobuyuki Ushigome, Takashi Harada, Toshio Oshiro, Yoshiro Musya, Kazuhiro Mizutani, Hiroshi Takahashi, Toru Suguro and Kazuaki Tsuchiya
1) Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Hospital_4) Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University
Abstract_Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in combination with a sacroiliac brace was used on 33 patients with chronic lower back pain to examine the effectiveness of this combination therapy A semiconductor laser (1000 mW, CW, 830 nm) was used. Due to the short duration effect of LLLT previously reported, we tested the effect of combination therapy using LLLT and a sacroiliac brace. Our results showed that the number of patients who had lower back pain in their activities of daily living (ADL) or work decreased, and this combination therapy improved both their ADL and quality of life (QOL). Chronic lower back pain patients who had just started visiting our hospital obtained satisfactory results with LLLT but the latency period was short. In order to maintain the effects of LLLT, we controlled the patients’ posture with a sacroiliac brace, which was able to prevent chronic pain for a longer period. The combination treatment was well-tolerated, side-effect free and offered good efficacy in improving both pain and range of motion of the lumbar spine.
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18, No. 4, p.187-192 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/4/18_187/_article
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Sherif S. Awad and Wael Hosam El-Din
1) Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University
Abstract_Herpes zoster is a common health problem particularly for the elderly. The pain persisting after the zosteriform lesions have resolved is termed post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and is considered a very common and extremely painful, debilitating complication. There are several approaches available to manage PHN, yet persistence of the pain is a very common vexing problem. Light therapy and in particular low-level laser/light therapy (LLLT) is increasingly applied nowadays. It has been suggested that LLLT is possibly beneficial in the management of many different medical conditions, including pain, wound healing and nerve injury. The present study evaluates the application of low incident energy intense pulsed light (IPL) as a possible photobiomodulative approach that can enhance healing and bring relief pain in recalcitrant cases of PHN in elderly patients.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 1, p.23-28
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/1/17_23/_article
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Shunji Fujii, Toshio Ohshiro, Takafumi Ohshiro, Katsumi Sasaki and Yuki Taniguchi
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Low reactive Level Therapy ( LLLT ) is now well into its 30th decade, and its beneficial effects such as pain attenuation, accelerated or enhanced wound healing have been very well reported and investigated. For clinics such as ours which utilizes LLLT for medical treatments, LLLT for hypertrophic scars and keloids very quickly became, and remains, routine. We believed that many facilities and institutions have also been using LLLT for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, but to our surprise there were very few medical facilities using LLLT and practically none for the treatment of scars. Recently, starting in the 1990’s, there have been several reports where High reactive Laser Treatment (HLLT ) has been used in an attempt to treat hypertrophic scars and keloids. However no literature concerning LLLT for these lesions appears in MedLine, even though the treatment is safe and effective with no side effects and complications when compared to HLLT. The authors herein re-introduce the technique and protocol of LLLT which they have used for the past twenty years for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. We present a series of representative cases and discuss the most efficient treatment modality in combination with conventional treatment methods.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 1, p.35-43 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/1/17_35/_article
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Rachel Lubart, Zvi Landau, Julia Jacobi and Harry Friedmann
1) Bar-Ilan University_2) Kaplan Hospital_3) SALT- Swiss Association Laser Therapy
Abstract_Conventional therapy-resistant chronic ulcers have been treated recently with low energy lasers or light emitting diodes in the visible and near IR region. In the present work, we studied ulcer healing using broadband (400-800 nm) visible light. Twenty patients suffering from diabetic and venous ulcers were irradiated with broadband (400-800 nm, 40 mW/cm2) visible light. Each ulcer was irradiated for 5 minutes three times a day. Success was defined as the complete healing of the ulcer. A complete cure was observed in 70% of the patients. The duration of the therapy was 8-12 weeks. The new broadband visible light source seems to have a strong effect on the complete healing of ulcers.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 1, p.7-10 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/1/16_7/_article
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Takafumi Ohshiro, Toshio Ohshiro, Katsumi Sasaki, Shunji Fujii and Yuki Taniguchi
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Facial nerve palsy is one of the most common diseases in head and neck lesions, and affected patients suffer from facial disfigurement and dysfunction. Since 1980, we have been applying low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) for patients with facial paralysis. We report herein on the results of a retrospective study concerning those patients in whom LLLT has been applied for peripheral facial paralysis. Seventy-four patients (42 male and 32 female) received LLLT for various entities of facial paralysis over the past 28 years, and included 50 cases with idiopathic facial paralysis, 9 cases with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, 8 cases of facial and neck tumor, and 7 cases of facial trauma._The overall total improvement rate was 71.4%. No adverse effects were reported in the patients received LLLT for facial paralysis. Among the 4 diagnostic groups, there was no difference in the mean improvement rate. In all patients whose treatment was given within one month of onset was obtained a complete recovery within 4 months. The longer was the period between onset to starting the treatment, the longer was the required therapeutic period. LLLT was effective for facial paralysis in both the acute and chronic phase. LLLT was particularly effective for the acute phase patients whose onset before treatment was 1 month or less. During the period of between 2 months and 6 months from onset, when the injured nerve had the possibility of recovery, LLLT should be performed. In the chronic phase, during the period of over 6 months from onset, LLLT can improve the synkinesis and contracture of the facial muscle. This study is the first report about LLLT for a wide variety of facial paresis. It is not a randomized control study, however, and further study is warranted in order to assess both the efficacy and possible LLLT mechanisms in detail.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 3, p.129-133 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/3/17_129/_article
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R Glen Calderhead, Junichiro Kubota, Mario A Trelles and Toshio Ohshiro
1) Japan Phototherapy Laboratory_2) Kubota Junichiro Clinic_3) Instituto Médico Vilafortuny_4) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted a lot of attention in light-only skin rejuvenation and wound healing with an 830 nm/633 nm combination, but the mechanisms by which LED therapy speeds up the healing process and increases collagen synthesis remain unclear. One hypothesis, ex-amined in the present study, concerns the interaction between 830 nm near infrared light and the degranulation of dermal mast cells. The left forearm of 8 healthy male subjects was irradiated with an 830 nm LED array (20 min, 57 J/cm2) with the right as the unirradiated control. Biopsies were taken before and two days after irradiation and routinely prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and compared between baseline, irradiated and unirradiated tissue. The TEM in all postirradiated specimens, while clearly showing no damage to the irradiated tissue with all tissue components essentially morphologically normal, demonstrated a mild inflammatory response 48 hr after 830 nm irradiation with interstitial and perivascular oedema. A number of macrophages and leukocytes had been recruited into the irradiated tissue, and mast cells had increased in number and had either degranulated or were in the process of doing so. The unirradiated control tissue showed no such changes. The TEM findings in the present study showed a clearly-visible inflammatory response similar to the first phase of wound healing, a ‘quasi-wound’, but created athermally and atraumatically following a single treatment with 830 nm light, thereby kick-starting the inflammatory stage of the wound healing process which is recognized as absolutely necessary in achieving good subsequent collagen synthesis in the second phase of proliferation, followed by good remodeling in the third phase. Good results in skin rejuvenation, both ablative and non-ablative, have been well-linked to establishing the wound healing process. The 830 nm-mediated ‘quasi-wound’ may well be an essential element in light-only LED photorejuvenation._Furthermore, the action of 830 nm on the inflammatory cells in actual wounds will significantly accelerate the wound healing process, controlling and peaking inflammation, and allowing proliferation to occur sooner and more efficiently.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 3, p.141-148 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/3/17_141/_article
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Shunji Fujii, Toshio Ohshiro, Takafumi Ohshiro, Katsumi Sasaki and Yuki Taniguchi
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Dizziness is a fairly common ailment. Symptoms among patients range from slight occasional discomfort to complete debilitation due to nausea and vomiting and deterioration of the affected patient’s activities of daily living (ADL). Treatment of dizziness varies according to its etiology, but is mostly pharmacological. The authors present a case where Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) applied in the Proximal Priority Technique (PPT) was effective in controlling dizziness in a patient suffering from severe spells which occurred several times a week and which caused nausea and vomiting. The authors also retrospectively examine patient records in the Ohshiro Clinic. A total of 11 patients, including the patient in the present case report, report, have been treated for some form of dizziness, and the efficacy of LLLT for the treatment of dizziness is discussed.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 3, p.149-154 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/3/17_149/_article
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Akinori Nagasawa1) and Kazuichi Kato2)
1) Retired Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital_2) Shibaura Institute of Technology
Abstract_The mW level low power lasers, GaAlAs diode lasers, He-Ne laser and argon dye laser have been applied to the author’s clinical and experimental studies. As the results, the following interesting effects have been newly found in addition to previously recognized effects such as anti inflammation effect, wound healing activation effect, analgesic effect:_1) The unique effects in the diode laser: (1) Depigmentation effect on melanous nevi of a mucosa,(2) Therapeutic effect for trismus in TMJ troubles and (3) Improvement the salivation function in its restricted disease of Sjogren’s syndrome._2) The unique effect in He-Ne laser:Therapeutic effect of the vasculargenous red colored lesions._3) Common effect to the diode laser and He-Ne laser:Bone repaire activation effect._4) Effect of argon dye laser:Reactive secondary dentin formation effect under the premedication of HpD. The effect under 1)?3) have been successfully applied in the author’s clinic
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 1, p.39-45
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/1/16_39/_article
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Yoshimi Asagai1), Kengo Yamamoto2) and Toshio Ohshiro3)
1) Shinano Handicapped Children’s Hospital_2) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University_3) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Low-level laser irradiation was given to the area surrounding the hip joint in 113 cases with congenital dislocation of the hip (27 with luxation, 86 with subluxation), in order to eliminate soft tissue strain around the hip joint during reduction of the dislocation. the patients were all infants below 6 months of age at presentation. Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip consisted of functional treatment using a Pavlik harness in 107 cases, re-wearing of the harness after horizontal traction in 2 cases, and abduction traction in 4 cases._Low-level laser therapy was effective for eliminating soft tissue strain around the hip joint, proving to be useful as a physical therapy procedure prior to the use of the harness. Following laser irradiation, the femoral head could be readily elevated, even during horizontal traction._Thanks to the use of low-level laser, which was introduced in 1993, reduction could be conservatively attained in all the patients and no avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurred in any of the cases._It is important to make the best attempt to achieve reduction by conservative methods in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. As low-level laser irradiation is nonstimulating, noninvasive, and easy to deliver, and has no adverse effects, it is useful as physical therapy for eliminating soft tissue strain around the hip joint before and after reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 2, p.75-79
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/2/16_75/_article
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Yuki Taniguchi1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Katsumi Sasaki1) and Shunji Fujii1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Various biological effects including anti-inflammatory response following low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) have been described in different studies. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of LLLT using 60 mW GaAlAs (830 nm) laser on damaged tissue induced by high reactive level laser treatment (HLLT). Two acquired pigmented nevi of a single person’s face were treated with high reactive level lasers (Ultra Pulse CO2 laser and Q-switched Alexandrite laser). After high reactive level lasers irradiation, one acquired pigmented nevus was exposed to 60 mW GaAlAs laser irradiation, whereas the other nevus was not irradiated and served as control. Both nevi were evaluated with digital photographs, thermography and a questionnaire survey. Compared to the nonirradiated control nevus, LLLT decreased the rubor and calor of the acute inflammation caused by HLLT. LLLT immediately after HLLT (Xenogeneous combined laser treatment) seems to be useful to control acute inflammation caused by HLLT.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 2, p.81-85 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/2/16_81/_article
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Yuriy Kulykovych1)
1) Clinic of Doctor Kulykovych
Abstract_We present herein the combined effect of our specially designed laser, magnetic and microwave therapeutic influence on the physiology of the osteoporosis patient. of our age of improved average life expectancy, even some partial cure of osteoporosis remains as a pressing issue, particularly in the light of the growing number of osteoporosis related fractures with still more rapidly growing costs of treatment which is usually accompanied with no less harmful side effects leading to deterioration in the affected patient’s general quality of life (QOL). the author analyzed 180 cases of osteoporosis patients undergoing treatment in the Clinic from 1999 till 2006. We used bone densitometry data obtained by Dual-Energy-X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) as the treatment effectiveness criteria. Without any additional medication, we applied various laser, magnetic and microwave influences to treat the disease. the diagnostics and treatment methodology, developed by the author, is based on the principle of treating the whole body as a system and the organic etiopathogenesis of the specific disease, osteoporosis, in particular. the results of the osteodensitometry have been analyzed in terms of the type of osteoporosis, sex, time of treatment, stage of osteoporosis, and the type of bone tissue. Therapy for osteoporosis in our Clinic leads to a significant increase in bone mineral density (BMD) for all types of osteoporosis, with a substantial increase in the bone mass within a period about six months after the completion of the treatment. the bone-mass increase correlated with the positive dynamics of the bone metabolism markers, namely cross-laps and osteocalcin. Analgesic effects were analyzed according to two scales: the verbal ranking scale and the visual analog scale (VAS). Pain intensity decreased by 75%. None of our patients developed any fresh fractures during the course of 5 years subsequent to the treatment. the combination of the therapeutic strategies and the system itself allows the Clinic provide the best possible medical care for osteoporotic patients, by increasing the bone mass and BMD, reducing the pain syndrome, and substantially reducing the chances of fractures, thus improving the QOL and life expectancy of the osteoporosis patient.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 2, p.87-96 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/2/16_87/_article
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Yoshimi Asagai1), Tavalida Sujaritpong2), Ly Tranvan3) and Toshio Ohshiro4)
1) Shinano Handicapped Children’s Hospital_2) Institute of Modern Medicine, Department of Laser Dermatology and LLLT_3) HaNoi rehabilitation center “the Thanh Xuan Peace Village”_4) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_There are several reports on improvement of blood flow following LLLT, and reports on actual vessel dilatation and blood flow enhancement has been observed in animal models. However there are no reports on changes in blood flow observed in human subjects using a non-invasive method for any duration of time. of this study, we used non-invasive Doppler color flow imaging to observe changes in the blood flow of the common carotid artery following laser irradiation to the lateral neck region. Laser output- and dose-dependent differences in the blood flow were observed, but there was also an increase in the diameter and cross-sectional area of vessels. Increased blood flow was noted in the common carotid artery of both the irradiated and unirradiated side, which lasted for over 1 hour after laser irradiation. the maximum increase in the crosssectional area, vessel diameter and the blood flow on the irradiated side were 69%, 31% and 63% respectively. On the unirradiated side the maximum increase of the cross-sectional area, vessel diameter and blood flow were 52%, 21% and 71% respectively. There were no changes observed in the maximum, minimum or average blood flow velocity of either the irradiated or unirradiated side.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.127-132
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_127/_article
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Shunji Fujii1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Katsumi Sasaki1) and Yuki Taniguchi1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Recently in Japan, the trend towards females marrying later in life than before has increased the average age of women bearing children for the first time. the number of children being born in Japan has steadily decreased for the 26th straight year and has become a grave socio-economical concern for the future. Artificial reproductive technology (ART) has shown advances in the past two decades, however there are no new solutions to the old problem of age. the authors have previously reported the efficacy of low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) for the adjunctive treatment of refractory female infertility and will report a new method of LLLT, incorporating the Proximal Priority Treatment (PPT) with the use of novel device named the Neck Irradiator. A retrospective survey of patients receiving PPT with the Neck Irradiator showed that approximately 10% of the patients became pregnant with this treatment. the authors compare and contrast this new treatment with previous treatment modalities and will discuss LLLT for the treatment of female infertility.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.133-136 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_133/_article
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Yuki Taniguchi1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Katsumi Sasaki1) and Shunji Fujii1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Photomodulation is an athermal process that manipulates or regulates cell activity using light energy. Previous studies of a specific sequence or coded pulsed 590 nm LED photomodulation have shown the improvement of wrinkle, roughness, pigmentation, and erythema. the purpose of this study was to investigate the antiageing effects of continuous 630 nm red light LED for Japanese subjects, in their 20’s to 50’s. Pre- and post-treatment clinical photographs were taken using the Canfield imaging systems (VISIA II™), which simultaneously counted the characteristic numbers of wrinkles, roughness, hair follicles and pigmentation. the erythema level was also assessed before and after treatment using the Mexameter® (MX18, CK corp.). Two independent observers assessed the photographs and the data. Results showed the improvement of signs of sun-induced aging or environmental damaged skin. No side effects were noted. LED photomodulation is a safe and effective, pain-free and non-ablative modality for improvement of sun-induced aging or environmentally damaged skin in Asians.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.137-141
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_137/_article
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Takafumi Ohshiro1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Katsumi Sasaki1), Shunji Fujii1) and Yuki Taniguchi1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in adolescence. Various treatment methods, such as topical/oral antibiotics, topical retinoids, chemical peels and phototherapy, have been reported with various success rates. Recently the resistance to antibiotics necessitates the physician to seek novel treatment modalities. Since 2005, we have applied a 630 nm light emitting diode (LED)-based device for acne in addition to conventional treatments. the conventional treatments, consisting of CO2 laser irradiation, dye laser irradiation, topical retinoids and topical/oral antibiotics, were performed for infectious lesions, and LED therapy was concomitantly performed once a week. Within 3 months, severe symptoms were improved and well controlled in all cases. the 630 nm LED irradiation seems to be an optional treatment in controlling the various grades of acne vulgaris.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.143-149 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_143/_article
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Taro Koyama1) and Toshio Ohshiro2)
1) Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Systemic sclerosis (SSC) is sometimes associated with the appearance of Raynaud’s disease due to diffuse vasculopathy associated with SSC. Low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported in the past to have beneficial effects in various vasculopathies, including Buerger’s and Raynaud’s diseases. the authors surmised that LLLT might therefore be of some assistance in the treatment of the Raynaud’s component of SSC. A 30-yr old male patient with SSC was treated with a combination of bosentan and LLLT (GaAlAs diode laser, 60 mW, continuous wave, incident power density 3 W/cm2) in 35 treatment sessions over 24 weeks. After the final treatment session, both skin tightness and Raynaud’s phenomenon had improved, whereas no progression was seen in the pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary function did not get any worse. the results suggest that bosentan with complementary LLLT was effective for not only improving the dermal blood circulation but also preventing progression of the overall disease status in this case.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.151-157
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_151/_article
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Toshio Ohshiro1), Takafumi Ohshiro2), Katsumi Sasaki2), Shunji Fujii2), Yuki Taniguchi2), Masaru Yoshida3), Kiyofumi Takenouchi1) and Mitsuaki Kohzuma1)
1) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_2) Ohshiro Clinic_3) Shinwa Excel Co., Ltd.
Abstract_the authors have over 30 years experience of treatment with lasers, more than 25 of which have been with low reactive-level laser therapy. (LLLT) Based on our experience, we have continuously attempted to develop new treatments and broaden the clinical application of lasers. Many patients receiving LLLT for an entity other than sight problems have spontaneously described a sense of increased visual acuity following their treatment, and the present study was designed to see if there was in fact, any effect of LLLT on vision. Six healthy adult subjects aged 56?68 years old, were treated with LLLT according to the proximal priority theory (PPT). the subjects’ close range, far range visual acuity and astigmatism were examined prior to, one hour after and 24 hours after LLLT. the laser hardware used in this experiment was the OhLase HT2001 (Japan Medical Laser Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan) and the Screenoscope (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). A high rate of improvement was seen for both close range and far range visual acuity but a particularly noteworthy improvement rate of 91.7% was seen at examination for far sightedness immediately after LLLT. LLLT in the field of ophthalmology is promising and further controlled studies carried out by ophthalmologic specialists in larger patient groups may yield new indications for LLLT in this field.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.189-197 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_189/_article
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Dana Vieru1)2), Martha Cortez3), Luis Clayman4) and Anca Silvia Dumitriu1)
1) Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila Medical and Pharmaceutical University_2) New York School for Medical and Dental Assistants_3) Private Practice, 120 Central South Park, NY, & President, New York Chapter of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry_4) Luis Clayman, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Michigan State University
Abstract_the general objective of this study was to demonstrate that the application of low level laser therapy (LLLT), in addition to standard procedures employed to treat periodontal disease, improves the outcome of the treatment. Periodontal disease is an infectious process that is the leading cause of tooth loss and attacks the structures of the periodontium (the ligaments around the teeth), the gingivae, epithelial attachment, cementum that cover the root of the tooth, and the alveolar bone that supports the tooth. Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for periodontal disease. Diabetic individuals are three times more likely to have attachment and bone loss than non-diabetic patients. Furthermore, osteoporosis is always associated with alveolar bone loss. Women with osteoporosis have increased alveolar bone retraction, attachment loss, and tooth loss compared with women without osteoporosis. Estrogen deficiency has been linked to decreases in alveolar bone. There is evidence that LLLT has an anti-bacterial effect, acts as anti-inflammatory agent, and stimulates collagen and bone growth. Over the last decade, much progress has been made in elucidating the underlying principles. Approximately half of the diabetic patients and half of the patients with osteoporosis received LLLT in addition to the classical treatment. of this study we searched for the effects of LLLT on advance chronic periodontal diseases that had caused severe destruction of the periodontal structures, i.e., clinical attachment loss over 5 mm. increased bone loss, increased pocket depth (usually 5 mm or grater) and increased tooth mobility. for all four groups [(1) diabetic patients treated with LLLT; (2) diabetic patients without LLLT; (3) osteoporotic patients treated with LLLT; and (4) osteoporotic patients without LLLT) we determined the mean and standard deviations of the following parameters: gingival bleeding time, pain relief time, bone recovery time, inflammation, complete healing. the LLLT-treated groups were superior to the non-treated control groups in both the diabetic and osteoporotic patients General social benefits are the development of a novel LLLT modality for treatment of periodontal disease, which allows for early noninvasive treatment of periodontal infection. LLLT technology promises to become even more cost effective and may reduce the cost of patient care.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.199-206
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_199/_article
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Yoshimi Asagai1), Kengo Yamamoto2) and Toshio Ohshiro3)
1) Shinano Handicapped Children’s Hospital_2) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University_3) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Congenital dislocation of the hip is a problematic condition to treat, and if not treated, or treated incorrectly, mobility for the affected infant can be severely compromised. This study involved 66 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip (infants within 6 months of birth) treated at our center (mean age upon first examination: 3 months), including 30 patients who underwent low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT) and 36 who did not. the 30 patients who received LLLT did so in combination treatment with a Pavlik harness or traction therapy for a mean period of 3 months (3 sessions of LLLT irradiation per week). the time course of changes in the acetabular angle, the central edge (CE) angle and the ossific nucleus of the femoral head were compared between patients in the group that received LLLT and those that did not. LLLT combined with conventional treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip resulted in less tension in the soft tissue around the hip joint, more natural reduction of dislocations with the Pavlik harness or traction, and a reduction in the size of interpositions within the hip joint as well as improved centripetalism, thus contributing to prevention of the onset of femoral head necrosis. of addition, LLLT favorably affected the formation of the hip acetabulum as well as growth of the femoral head. This is probably because the improved centripetalism combined with LLLT bioactivation of osteoblasts facilitated acetabular repair, leading to the prevention of coxa magna. When administered to patients with congenital dislocation of the hip, LLLT was pain-free, stress-free and easy to apply. No adverse reactions were recorded in any of the 30 patients in the present study. If LLLT is applied in combination with other means of therapy in the early stages of treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip, it is likely to enable patients to avoid additional corrective surgery (open reduction of dislocations, pelvic osteotomy, femoral neck osteotomy, and so on) as well as prevent the onset of pursuant diseases and conditions, such as femoral head necrosis. LLLT is thus a promising new means of treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.207-214 .
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Ikuko Ohkuni1), Takashi Harada1), Nobuyuki Ushigome1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Yoshiro Musya3), Kazuhiro Mizutani3), Yu Maruyama4), Toru Suguro5) and Kazuaki Tsuchiya5)
1) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University_4) Department of Plastic Surgery, Toho University_5) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University
We reported the significant treatment effects of a 10 Watt Semiconductor Pulse Laser Device in 5 cases. When we treat patients with chronic pain, Patient Based Medicine is the most important. We partially quoted from Narrative Based Medicine (NBM) that Richard, Greenhalgh, and Hurwitz advocated.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.215-218 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_215/_article
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Katsumi Sasaki1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Shunji Fujii1), Yuki Taniguchi1) and Toshihide Shishido3)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine
Abstract_Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder wall, characterized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, and frequency. Its etiology is unknown. IC remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Although there are no uniformly effective therapies, many treatment options are currently available. We present an IC patient who successfully underwent LLLT using an 830 nm GaAlAs diode laser. After 40 LLLT treatment sessions, the interstitial symptom index total score which was previously 19 decreased to 8 and the interstitial problem index total score which was previous 15 decreased to 6. Symptoms of severe bladder irritation and pelvic pain, urinary urgency and frequency improved almost completely for an extended period.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.219-223
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_219/_article
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Yoshiro Musha1), Takao Kaneko1), Toshio Shigemitsu1), Ikuko Okuni2), Nobuyuki Ushigome2), Takashi Harada2), Toshio Ohshiro3) and Kazuhiro Mizutani1)
1) Department of Second Orthopedic Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine_2) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine_3) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
the effectiveness of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for pain relief and improved range of motion (ROM) in shoulder periarthritis was investigated, and serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured to evaluate the underlying mechanism of LLLT action. This study included 40 women with a mean age of 62.7 years and mean symptom duration of 2.8 months. LLLT was effective in 32 patients (80%). of the “effective” treatment group, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, range of abduction, flexion, and internal rotation, and serum PGE2 levels improved significantly. A correlation was observed between improvement in each ROM and VAS scores, and both were useful as indices of symptom improvement and treatment efficacy. PGE2 also decreased significantly after laser therapy and played a role in pain symptoms, but there was no correlation with improvement in the ROM or VAS scores. Thus, serum PGE2 levels did not reflect the degree of shoulder function or pain. of the “ineffective” treatment group, no improvement, no correlation between ROM and VAS scores, and no change in serum PGE2 levels after laser therapy were observed. This seems to represent a special group.
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18,
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/1/18_39/_article
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Yasushi Ishide, Toshio Ohshiro, Fumio Ueda, Mitsuyoshi Murayama, Takafumi Ohshiro, Shunji Fujii, Kiyofumi Takenouchi and Mitsuaki Kohzuma
1) Keio University Institute of Physical Education_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Ohshiro Clinic
Abstract_Low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) involving low incident levels of laser light, is known for its normalizing effect on abnormalities of living bodies. A joint study by Keio University Institute of Physical Education Japan Medical Laser Laboratory and the Ohshiro Clinic was conducted to investigate the application of the GaAlAs diode laser in the field of sports medicine during pre-training or pre-competition warm up and post-training cooling down. the ‘Sit and Reach’ test, blood oxygenation and pulse rates were measured in 17 athletes, 15 males and 2 females, before laser irradiation (A), after the first laser irradiation (B), after physical exertion (C) and after a second laser irradiation (D). the Oh-Lase HT 2001 semi-conductor laser was applied to the neck while the subject adopted a sitting position on the floor with the legs stretched forward. the subjects were requested to stretch (toe-touch) as far as possible followed by another 8 seconds of laser irradiation while the subjects were stretched and were measured for maximum stretching distance. the procedure was repeated. When statistical significance was evaluated there were significant changes between A and B, A and C, A and D, B and D, and C and D in the performance of the Sit and Reach Test, whereas significant differences in heart rate were seen between A and C, B and C, B and D, and C and D, and significant differences between A and B, A and D, B and C, and C and D in the blood oxygen saturation level. the results where significant differences between A and B, and C and D imply that the use of the GaAlAs laser during warm up and cool down is beneficial.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 2, p.69-74 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/2/17_69/_article
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Emad T. Ahmad
1) Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University
Abstract_the purpose of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT) or laser therapy in the acceleration of chronic venous ulcer healing. Thirty hospital inpatients with venous ulcers participated in this study for a treatment period of five weeks. They were divided randomly and equally into three groups (2 treatment groups and one control group). Patients in group (1) (HBOT group) received two 90 minutes treatments daily with 2 to3 L of humidified oxygen / minute at 22 mmHg. On the other hand, patients in group (2) (laser therapy group) received 1 J/cm2 infrared laser (Ga As), three times weekly. Patients in group (3) (control group) received standard wound care only. Wound surface area (WSA) and wound volume (WV) were used to measure the outcomes before starting the study and after the 3rd and 5th weeks posttreatment. It was found that, at the 5th week post-treatment there was a significant reduction in both WSA and WV in both the HBOT group and the laser therapy group when compared to the control group (P<0.0001), also there was a significant reduction in WSA and WV in the laser therapy group at the 5th week post-treatment when compared to the HBOT group (P<0.001). the findings strongly suggest that the application of infrared laser therapy at a dose of 1J/cm2, three times/week is more effective than the application of HBOT daily in the management of chronic venous ulcers.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 2, p.75-81 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/2/17_75/_article
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Nobuyuki Ushigome, Takashi Harada, Ikuko Okuni, Toshio Ohshiro, Yoshiro Musya, Kazuhiro Mizutani, Yu Maruyama, Toru Suguro and Kazuaki Tsuchiya
1) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Toho University School of Medicine_4) Department of Plastic Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine
Abstract_Spasticity following cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) is a common occurrence, but remains a problematic entity to treat and interferes with mobility and self-care activities which are critical for successful rehabilitative outcomes. Low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT) has attracted attention in a number of areas including spasticity associated with cerebral palsy. of the case of post CVA therapy, LLLT has been reported for pain treatment, but not spasticity. the present study examined the efficacy of LLLT in attenuating triceps surae muscle spasticity in CVA patients. the study subjects comprised 15 chronic CVA patients with spasticity, treated at our university hospital between 2002 and 2006. the LLLT device we used was a near infrared (830 nm) semiconductor laser device delivering 1 W in continuous wave (irradiance, 670 mW/cm2) . the laser probe was applied with mild pressure to the skin over the tibial nerve on the affected side, 30 sec/point (dose/point 20.1 J/cm2) repeated 3 times with a 5 sec interval between irradiations. Two sessions were given per week for 1 week. At the end of the week, we recognized LLLT effects in 11 cases out of 15. the other 4 patients had little or no effect but were in their fifties, and had successive bouts of ankle clonus. LLLT is a promising medical treatment for the attenuation of CVA-related spasticity of the triceps surae muscle spasticity, and facilitate voluntary movements in such patients. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which LLLT can attenuate spasticity.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 2, p.95-99
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/2/17_95/_article
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Dr Robin Falkov interviews Prof. Harry Whelan MD yesterday 26th August 2011 on Rayedio Lounge. Listen here: Harry Whalen Interview LLLT LED 26 Aug 2011
In case you are new to LLLT, Harry Whelan is best known for his association with the NASA related research into LLLT with LEDs Continue reading
Thirty-Three new LLLT papers for you this month including; pretreatment of untrained runners in which LLLT increased performance and reduced oxidative damage, yet another trial on oral mucositis (that is now 14 RCTs according to my calculations), this time using LED extra-orally to cheeks and throat tissues on children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a paper published on LED treatment of cellulite applied during treadmill training claims reduced saddlebag and thigh circumference (controlled, but not a randomised or blinded study).
There is also an in-vitro study on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with 810nm laser and its effect on NF-kB (from Harvard). This is important – we all need to learn more about NF-kB, because it governs many cellular functions (including inflammation and cell death); and they found that NF-kB can be stimulated by light induced ROS to protect healthy cells. You may also have heard that oxidative stress (caused by ROS) can also be reversed by treatment with LLLT, how weird is that! This is easily explained but I’m not going to entertain you with it now – come on a THOR training course or attend my introductory session at NAALT 22nd – 24th Sept, Milwaukee, USA and you will begin to understand how this major LLLT mechanism can be triggered, what irradiation parameters work best to achieve this and the vast clinical benefits that result for your patients.
22 new papers for your review. The BMJ clinical evidence recommendations for tennis elbow now include LLLT, next on the list is a systematic review with meta-analysis of LLLT on oral mucositis, this finds reduced pain, severity and duration of OM symptoms. There is also a laser vs ultrasound clinical trial on shoulder myofascial pain, and lab rat studies on red vs IR for laser-induced analgesia, reduced scarring post MI following laser irradiated stem cells transplanted to bone marrow, one on sciatic pain and another study on acute lung inflammation (an adult respiratory distress syndrome model).
Bisset L, Coombes B, Vicenzino B
Department of Health and Rehabilitation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
INTRODUCTION: Lateral pain in the elbow affects up to 3% of the population, and is considered an overload injury of the extensor tendons of the forearm where they attach at the lateral epicondyle. Although usually self-limiting, symptoms may persist for over 1 year in up to 20% of people. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for tennis elbow? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to November 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 80 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupuncture, autologous whole blood injections, corticosteroid injections, combination physical therapies, exercise, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, iontophoresis, low-level laser therapy, manipulation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (oral and topical), orthoses (bracing), platelet-rich plasma injections, pulsed electromagnetic field treatment, surgery, and ultrasound.
Clin Evid (Online) 2011 2011
Rayegani SM, Bahrami MH, Samadi B, Sedighipour L, Mokhtarirad MR, Eliaspoor D
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Shohada Medical Center, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran – bahrami7mh@gmail.com.
BACKGROUND: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases. MPS impaired quality of life in the patients. There is a lot of controversy about different treatment options which include medical treatments, physical therapy, injections, ultrasound and laser. The effects of laser in MPS are challenging. AIM: To assess the effects of laser and ultrasound in treatment of MPS. DESIGN:Randomized single blinded clinical trial SETTING: Outpatient physical therapy clinic at university hospital POPULATION:Sixty three subjects (females: 46, males: 17), (age range: 17-55 year old) who had a RESULTS: Ultrasound was effective in VAS improvement during activity (46%), at rest (39%) and at night (35%). It also improved NDI scores (34%) and algometric assessment (37%). Laser was effective in VAS improving during activity (54%), at night (51%) and at rest (51%) and also improved NDI scores (73%). It was also found effective in algometric assessment improvement (105%). Laser resulted in more NDI score and algometric assessment improvements comparing to ultrasound (p
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2011 Jun 13
Yan W, Chow R, Armati PJ
Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Nerve Research Foundation, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown in clinical trials to relieve chronic pain and the World Health Organization has added LLLT to their guidelines for treatment of chronic neck pain. The mechanisms for the pain-relieving effects of LLLT are however poorly understood. We therefore assessed the effects of laser irradiation (LI) on somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) in a series of experiments using visible (lambda = 650 nm) or infrared (lambda = 808 nm) LI applied transcutaneously to points on the hind limbs of rats overlying the course of the sciatic nerve. This approximates the clinical application of LLLT. The 650-nm LI decreased SSEP amplitudes and increased latency after 20 min. CMAP proximal amplitudes and hip/ankle (H/A) ratios decreased at 10 and 20 min with increases in proximal latencies approaching significance. The 808-nm LI decreased SSEP amplitudes and increased latencies at 10 and 20 min. CMAP proximal amplitudes and H/A ratios decreased at 10 and 20 min. Latencies were not significantly increased. All LI changes for both wavelengths returned to baseline by 48 h. These results strengthen the hypothesis that a neural mechanism underlies the clinical effectiveness of LLLT for painful conditions.
J Peripher Nerv Syst 2011 Jun 16(2) 130-5
Tuby H, Maltz L, Oron U
Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The adult mammalian heart is known to have a very limited regenerative capacity following acute ischemia. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that photobiostimulation of autologous bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied to the bone marrow (BM), may migrate to the infarcted area and thus attenuate the scarring processes following myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent experimental MI. LLLT (Ga-Al-As diode laser, power density 10 mW/cm(2) , for 100 seconds) was then applied to the BM of the exposed tibia at different time intervals post-MI (20 minutes and 4 hours). Sham-operated infarcted rats served as control. RESULTS: Infarct size and ventricular dilatation were significantly reduced (76% and 75%, respectively) in the laser-treated rats 20 minutes post-MI as compared to the control-non-treated rats at 3 weeks post-MI. There was also a significant 25-fold increase in cell density of c-kit+ cells in the infarcted area of the laser-treated rats (20 minutes post-MI) as compared to the non-laser-treated controls. CONCLUSION: The application of LLLT to autologous BM of rats post-MI offers a novel approach to induce BM-derived MSCs, which are consequently recruited from the circulation to the infarcted heart and markedly attenuate the scarring process post-MI. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:401-409, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lasers Surg Med 2011 Jul 43(5) 401-9
de Lima FM, Villaverde AB, Albertini R, Correa JC, Carvalho RL, Munin E, Araujo T, Silva JA, Aimbire F
Research and Development Institute, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil. flaviafisio@hotmail.com.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It is unknown if pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in acute lung inflammation induced by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (i-I/R) can be modulated by low-level laser therapy (LLLT). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIAL AND METHODS: A controlled ex vivo study was developed in which rats were irradiated (660 nm, 30 mW, 0.08 cm(2) of spot size) on the skin over the right upper bronchus 1 hour post-mesenteric artery occlusion and euthanized 4 hours later. For pretreatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or IL-10 antibodies, the rats received either one of the agents 15 minutes before the beginning of reperfusion. METHODS: Lung edema was measured by the Evans blue extravasation and pulmonary neutrophils influx was determined by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Both TNF and IL-10 expression and protein in lung were evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS: LLLT reduced the edema (80.1 +/- 41.8 microg g(-1) dry weight), neutrophils influx (0.83 +/- 0.02 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) ), MPO activity (2.91 +/- 0.60), and TNF (153.0 +/- 21.0 pg mg(-1) tissue) in lung when compared with respective control groups. Surprisingly, the LLLT increased the IL-10 (0.65 +/- 0.13) in lung from animals subjected to i-I/R. Moreover, LLLT (0.32 +/- 0.07 pg ml(-1) ) reduced the TNF-alpha level in RPAECs when compared with i-I/R group. The presence of anti-TNF or IL-10 antibodies did not alter the LLLT effect on IL-10 (465.1 +/- 21.0 pg mg(-1) tissue) or TNF (223.5 +/- 21.0 pg mg(-1) tissue) in lung from animals submitted to i-I/R. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the LLLT attenuates the i-I/R-induced acute lung inflammation which favor the IL-10 production and reduce TNF generation. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:410-420, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lasers Surg Med 2011 Jul 43(5) 410-20
Bertolini GR, Artifon EL, Silva TS, Cunha DM, Vigo PR
Injury and Physiotherapeutic Resource Study Laboratory, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
Chronic pain, resulting from nerve compression, is a common clinical presentation. One means of conservative treatment is low-level laser therapy, although controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of low-level laser, at 830 nm, on pain reduction in animals subjected to sciatica. Eighteen rats were used, divided into three groups: GS (n=6), sciatica and simulated treatment; G4J (n=6), sciatica and treatment with 4 J/cm(2); and G8J (n=6), sciatica and irradiation with 8 J/cm(2). The right sciatic nerve was exposed and compressed using catgut thread. Five days of treatment were started on the third postoperative day. Pain was assessed by means of the paw elevation time during gait: before sciatica, before and after the first and second therapies, and the end of the fifth therapy. Low-level laser was effective in reducing the painful condition.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2011 69(2B) 356-9
de Souza da Fonseca A, Presta GA, Geller M, de Paoli F, Valenca SS
Departamento de Ciencias Fisiologicas, Instituto Biomedico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil, adnfonseca@ig.com.br.
Low-intensity laser therapy is based on the excitation of endogenous chromophores in biotissues and free-radical generation could be involved in its biological effects. In this work, the effects of the low-intensity infrared laser on plasma protein content and oxidative stress in blood from Wistar rats were studied. Blood samples from Wistar rats were exposed to low-intensity infrared laser in continuous wave and pulsed-emission modes at different fluencies. Plasma protein content and two oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive species formation and myeloperoxidase activity) were carried out to assess the effects of laser irradiation on blood samples. Low-intensity infrared laser exposure increases plasma protein content, induces lipid peroxidation, and increases myeloperoxidase activity in a dose- and frequency-dependent way in blood samples. The low-intensity infrared laser increases plasma protein content and oxidative stress in blood samples, suggesting that laser therapy protocols should take into account fluencies, frequencies, and wavelengths of the laser before beginning treatment.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Jun 24
Soyer T, Aliefendioglu D, Aktuna Z, Caglayan O, Aydos TR, Cakmak M
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, Kirikkale University, 71100, Kirikkale, Turkey, soyer.tutku@gmail.com.
AIM: To evaluate the effect of phototherapy on gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity and oxidative stress. METHODS: Wistar albino rats (n = 18, in the first 7 days of life) weighing 7 +/- 2 g with both sexes were included in the study. The animals were randomized into three groups. In control group (CG), median laparotomy was performed to obtain 1 cm of jejunum, terminal ileum and colonic segments. In the phototherapy group (PTG), led phototherapy with a wave density of 40 muw/cm(2)/nm were used (Bilitron 3006, Fanem, Brasil). The efficacy surface of phototherapy was 30-40 cm and the exposure distance was 30 cm. The duration of phototherapy was 24 h. Sham group (SG) received white light with the same wave density and exposure distance. The oxidative stress markers and contraction responses were investigated from intestinal segments obtained from experiments. RESULTS: The jejunum segments showed significantly lowered contraction response to carbachol in SG when compared to CG and PTG (p < 0.05). Decreased contractile response to KCl was detected in both SG and PTG in terminal ileum segments. MDA levels showed no difference between groups (p > 0.05). Total sulfhydryl (T-SH) levels were found significantly increased in PTG when compared to CG and SG (p < 0.05). When NO levels were evaluated, NO levels were found decreased in PTG and SG with respect to CG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PT may cause various alterations in oxidant/antioxidant system in intestinal segments. Unlike to clinical findings, decreased contractile responses were detected in rat gastrointestinal smooth muscles after PT.
Pediatr Surg Int 2011 Jun 1
Cannon M, Wagner C, Thobaben JZ, Jurado R, Solt D
Northwestern University, Children’s Medical Center, Chicago USA. cannon.m@comcast.net
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an antibacterial and hemostatic agent to diode laser irradiation in the healing of mechanically exposed porcine pulps. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The experiment required three adult swine (Sus scrofa domestica, Yorkshire) with 36 teeth prepared with occlusal penetrations into the pulpal tissues. The preparations were performed under general anesthesia and the pulps were exposed using high speed instrumentation with rubber dam isolation and a disinfected field. Following instrumentation the coronal pulpal tissue was amputated and immediately treated with ferric sulfate and chlorhexidine semi-gel (12), diluted Buckley’ formocresol solution (12) for 5 minutes or laser irradiation with a diode laser (12). After treatment, hemostasis was obtained and a ZOE base applied to the treated pulps (36). The pulpal bases were all covered with a RMGI (Fuji II LC). The tissue samples were collected at 4 weeks (28 days). Following fixation, the samples were de-mineralized, sectioned, stained and histologically graded with a scale of 0-4. RESULTS: The treatment groups were statistically different with the Laser Treated Group demonstrating the least inflammation. CONCLUSION: Pulpotomy treatment with the KaVo Gentle Ray Diode Laser demonstrated significantly less inflammation than the other two pulpal therapy modalities. The ferric sulfate and chlorhexidine mixture demonstrated the greatest inflammation as histologically graded. Also, the histological sections of pulpotomized swine teeth treated with the ferric sulfate and chlorhexidine mixture presented with black pigmented areas in the pulp and surrounding tissue. The formocresol group (clinical standard) and the diode laser group did not present with the black precipitate.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 2011 Spring 35(3) 271-6
Vrijman C, van Drooge AM, Limpens CE, Bos JD, van der Veen JP, Spuls PI, Wolkerstorfer A
Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders (SNIP), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, NL-1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, NL-1100DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Medical Library, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, NL-1100DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Dutch Cochrane Centre, Academic Medical Centre, NL-1100DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), NL-1006BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Hypertrophic scars are difficult to improve and remain a therapeutic challenge. Several lasers and light sources were evaluated in the past decades and showed to improve hypertrophic scars. However, a systematic review is not available. To assess current evidence of efficacy of all laser and intense pulsed light therapies used in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, we performed a systematic review searching electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL. The quality of the controlled clinical trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Thirteen articles involving seven different lasers met the inclusion criteria. Most evidence was found for the pulsed dye laser (PDL) 585 nm (8 studies), followed by the PDL 595 nm (2 studies), whereas limited evidence (one trial per laser) was available for fractional non-ablative laser 1540 nm, CO2 laser 10,600 nm, low level laser therapy (LLLT), Nd:YAG laser 532 nm and ErbiumYAG laser 2940 nm. Treatment recommendations should be formulated with caution as current evidence is insufficient for comparing the efficacy of different laser therapies. The PDL 585 nm showed a low efficacy for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. With moderate efficacy, the PDL 595 nm is promising, although more research is necessary. For the efficacy of other lasers, little evidence was found. Future research, with low risk of bias, well defined scar characteristics, validated outcome measures, standardized measure methods, follow up periods of at least 6 months and well defined laser settings, is needed.
Br J Dermatol 2011 Jun 28
Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Vahabzadeh-Hagh AM, Bernabeu M, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A
Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Drs Demirtas-Tatlidede and Pascual-Leone and Mr Vahabzadeh-Hagh); Guttmann University Institute for Neurorehabilitation, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain (Drs Bernabeu, Tormos, and Pascual-Leone).
OBJECTIVE:: To review novel techniques of noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS), which may have value in assessment and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS:: Review of the following techniques: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, low-level laser therapy, and transcranial Doppler sonography. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of TMS studies to date. MAIN FINDINGS:: We describe the rationale for the use of these techniques in TBI, discuss their possible mechanisms of action, and raise a number of considerations relevant to translation of these methods to clinical use. Depending on the stimulation parameters, NBS may enable suppression of the acute glutamatergic hyperexcitability following TBI and/or counter the excessive GABAergic effects in the subacute stage. In the chronic stage, brain stimulation coupled to rehabilitation may enhance behavioral recovery, learning of new skills, and cortical plasticity. Correlative animal models and comprehensive safety trials seem critical to establish the use of these modalities in TBI. CONCLUSIONS:: Different forms of NBS techniques harbor the promise of diagnostic and therapeutic utility, particularly to guide processes of cortical reorganization and enable functional restoration in TBI. Future lines of safety research and well-designed clinical trials in TBI are warranted to determine the capability of NBS to promote recovery and minimize disability.
J Head Trauma Rehabil 2011 Jun 17
This month we have 25 new Low Level Laser Therapy papers for your review including: Laser and exercise for subacromial impingement syndrome, yet more on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (when will the oncologists catch on?) and a study on how LLLT affects differentiation (and proliferation) of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and osteoblasts.
Not all LLLT research is a success as a paper on third molar extraction below shows. Suitable wavelength, power density, treatment time, pulses (?), locations and treatment intervals are essential for success. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if there was somewhere you could learn about LLLT parameters? Good news! There are training courses you can attend all over the world (almost) look here. Today I am in Australia having delivered courses in Sydney and Melbourne, last week I was in Washington DC and Atalanta GA (USA). Next week I will be in Boston MA and Chicago IL (USA) then next month in Leeds (UK), Toronto (Canada) and Philadelphia. Click here to find your nearest training course.
A bumper edition of 36 papers this month with some very interesting reading. At long last Roberta Chow (with a star studded cast of co-authors) have published a systematic review of the inhibitory effects of LLLT on peripheral nerves and relevance to analgesia. There is an RCT showing that LLLT is better than chiropractic manipulation for cervical facet dysfunction, but joint manipulation + laser is best, a study on pain during dental tooth-cavity preparation on children, three papers on oral mucositis and two on wound healing.
Chow R, Armati P, Laakso EL, Bjordal JM, Baxter GD
1 Nerve Research Foundation, Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia .
Abstract Objective: The objective of this review was to systematically identify experimental studies of non-ablative laser irradiation (LI) on peripheral nerve morphology, physiology, and function. The findings were then evaluated with special reference to the neurophysiology of pain and implications for the analgesic effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Background: LLLT is used in the treatment of pain, and laser-induced neural inhibition has been proposed as a mechanism. To date, no study has systematically evaluated the effects of LI on peripheral nerve, other than those related to nerve repair, despite the fact that experimental studies of LI on nerves have been conducted over the past 25 years. Methods: We searched computerized databases and reference lists for studies of LI effects on animal and human nerves using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: We identified 44 studies suitable for inclusion. In 13 of 18 human studies, pulsed or continuous wave visible and continuous wave infrared (IR) LI slowed conduction velocity (CV) and/or reduced the amplitude of compound action potentials (CAPs). In 26 animal experiments, IR LI suppressed electrically and noxiously evoked action potentials including pro-inflammatory mediators. Disruption of microtubule arrays and fast axonal flow may underpin neural inhibition. Conclusions: This review has identified a range of laser-induced inhibitory effects in diverse peripheral nerve models, which may reduce acute pain by direct inhibition of peripheral nociceptors. In chronic pain, spinal cord changes induced by LI may result in long-term depression of pain. Incomplete reporting of parameters limited aggregation of data.
Photomed Laser Surg 2011 Apr 1
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Saayman L, Hay C, Abrahamse H
Chiropractor, Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effect of chiropractic joint manipulation therapy (CMT) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain and range of motion in the management of cervical facet dysfunction. METHODS: Sixty ambulatory women between the ages of 18 and 40 years with cervical facet joint pain of more than 30-day duration and normal neurologic examination were randomized to receive 1 of 3 treatment options: (1) CMT of the cervical spine, (2) LLLT applied to the cervical facet joints, or (3) a combination of CMT and LLLT. Each participant received 6 treatments in 3 weeks. The main outcome measures were as follows: the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index, Cervical Range of Motion Instrument, and Baseline Digital Inclinometer. Measurements were taken during weeks 1 (baseline), 2, 3, and 4. RESULTS: No differences existed between the 3 groups at baseline. A significant difference was seen between groups 1 (CMT) and 2 (LLLT) for cervical flexion, between groups 1 (CMT) and 3 (CMT + LLLT) for cervical flexion and rotation, and between groups 2 (LLLT) and 3 (CMT + LLLT) for pain disability in everyday life, lateral flexion, and rotation. CONCLUSION: All 3 groups showed improvement in the primary and secondary outcomes. A combination of CMT and LLLT was more effective than either of the 2 on their own. Both therapies are indicated as potentially beneficial treatments for cervical facet dysfunction. Further studies are needed to explore optimal treatment procedures for CMT and LLLT and the possible mechanism of interaction between therapies.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2011 Mar-Apr 34(3) 153-63
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Tanboga I, Eren F, Altinok B, Peker S, Ertugral F
Dr I. Tanboga, Marmara Universitesi Dis Hekimligi Fak. Pedodonti AD, Buyukciftlik sok. No:6 Kat:4, Nisantasi, Sisli/Istanbul 34365, Turkey. Email: itanboga@marmara.edu.tr.
AIM: To evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy on pain during cavity preparation with laser in paediatric dental patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 10 children aged 6 to 9 years old for a total of 20 primary molar teeth. For laser preparation an Er: YAG laser was used. Half of the preparations were treated by low level laser therapy (LLLT) before laser preparation and the remaining half without LLLT (non-LLLT) before laser preparation. All cavities were prepared by ER:YAG laser, restored with light-cured composite resin following the application of acid etching and bonding agent. Children were instructed to rate their pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 5 points. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS: VAS Median (min-max) scores were 1(0-2) for LLLT and 3(1-4) for the non-LLT treated children. Between LLLT and non- LLLT groups results were statistically significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The use of LLLT before cavity preparation with laser decreased pain in paediatric dental patients.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011 Apr 12(2) 93-5
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Kleinman Y, Cahn A
Achilles tendon wounds are therapeutically challenging. The tendon`s functional importance, the paucity of soft tissue surrounding the ankle, and common patient comorbidities often limit surgical reconstructive procedure options. Depending on wound depth and overall patient health, secondary intention healing of these wounds can take many months. At the authors’ wound care center, patients who are referred with recalcitrant, deep Achilles tendon wounds and who are able to visit the center two to three times per week are offered a protocol of topical hyperbaric oxygen (THBO) followed by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and moisture-retentive dressings. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of patients who received treatment for a deep Achilles tendon wound during the years 2004 through 2008. Patients who were seen but did not obtain care at the center were contacted via telephone. Of the 80 patients seen, 15 were referred for amputation, 52 obtained treatment elsewhere, and 13 received the THBO/LLLT protocol. Patient median age was 73 years (range 52-90 years) and most (85%) had diabetes mellitus. Average wound size was 90 cm2 (range 6.25-300 cm2) with an average duration of 11.7 months (range 2-60 months) before treatment. Complete re-epithelialization was achieved in 10 patients (77%) following a mean treatment time of 19 +/- 10 weeks (range 5-42 weeks). Of those, seven remained ambulatory and ulcer-free at mean follow-up of 3.3 +/- 1.8 years. Eight of the 52 patients (15%) who were not treated in the authors’ center reported their ulcer was healed and 15 (29%) underwent amputation. Considering the severity of these wounds, the observed treatment outcomes are encouraging and may present a reasonable alternative for some patients with Achilles tendon wounds. Research is needed to clarify the role of these modalities in the conservative treatment of patients with Achilles tendon ulceration.
Ostomy Wound Manage 2011 Apr 57(4) 32-40
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Oton-Leite AF, Correa de Castro AC, Morais MO, Pinezi JC, Leles CR, Mendonca EF
Department of Oral Medicine (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.
BACKGROUND: Low-level laser therapy has been used to reduce complications of head and neck cancer treatment. The aim was to assess the impact of laser in the quality of life (QOL) of patients receiving radiotherapy. METHODS: Sixty outpatients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The laser group received applications and the placebo group received sham laser. QOL was assessed using the University of Washington QOL questionnaire. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparisons of overall QOL scores and Mann-Whitney test compared changes in domain scores. RESULTS: A decrease in QOL scores was observed in both groups and the reduction in the laser group was significantly lower (p < .01). Changes in QOL scores regarding pain, chewing, and saliva domains were evident in the placebo group. Both health-related QOL and overall QOL were rated higher by patients who received laser therapy. CONCLUSION: Laser therapy reduces the impact of radiotherapy on the QOL of patients with head and neck cancer. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011.
Head Neck 2011 Apr 5
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Saied GM, Kamel RM, Labib AM, Said MT, Mohamed AZ
Departments of Internal Medicine and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, gamal44@hotmail.com.
The objective of this study was to examine skin blood flow in diabetic patients having disease-related skin lesions, and to evaluate possible improvement imposed by low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) as a new treatment modality. Thirty patients (in addition to 15 controls receiving conventional treatment = group II and 15 others receiving no treatment = group III) having diabetes-related skin lesions were tested for skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry. Group I patients received LILT by a specified dosimetry. This was by combined uniform He-Ne and infrared lasers delivered by a scanner over the affected area. This study used a paired t test to determine the significance of blood flow recovery after treatment within each group while Independent t test compared results between the three groups. The level of significance was p < 0.05. The most frequently detected diabetes specific skin lesions were dryness, nail changes, hair loss, infections, itching, and frank eczema-like reactions, mostly in combinations (76%). This pattern appears specific for Egyptians as it is different from data registered in foreign literature. The minimum perfusion flow improved from 16.45 before LILT to 25.94 after, while maximum flow recovered from 32.91 to 48.47 and basal perfusion changed from 24.68 to 34.84 blood perfusion units. The percentage change in perfusion values was 23.17. All these were statistically significant. The study demonstrates that diabetes-linked skin lesions have a special pattern in Egyptians and are apparently caused by deranged skin blood flow .The deficit is measurable by laser flowmetry and can be partially reversed by LILT.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Apr 1
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Ramalho KM, Luiz AC, de Paula Eduardo C, Tuner J, Magalhaes RP, Gallottini Magalhaes M
KM Ramalho, PhD, Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil AC Luiz, PhD Student, Special Care Dentistry Center (CAPE), Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil C de P Eduardo, PhD, Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil J Tuner, DDS, Private practice, Grangesberg, Sweden RP de Magalhaes, PhD, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Clinics, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil M Gallottini Magalhaes, PhD, Special Care Dentistry Center (CAPE), Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Radiotherapy produces both acute and delayed effects on mucosal tissues, disturbing their healing. This report shows a successful treatment with laser phototherapy (LPT) on a delayed wound healing in oral mucosa previously submitted to radiotherapy with a follow up of 3 years. A 47-year-old patient treated 6 months earlier for tongue squamous cell carcinoma by surgery and radiotherapy presented with a mass in the operated area. Biopsy showed chronic inflammatory infiltrate around a residual polyglactin suture. After 2 months there was a painful mucosal dehiscence on the biopsy site. LPT was performed using a semiconductor laser with 660-nm wavelength (InGaAlP) and spot size of 0.04 cm(2) . The parameters applied were 40 mW, 4 Jcm(2) /point, 0.16 J/point, 2.4 J/session. The irradiation was performed punctually, through contact mode in 15 points (4 seconds/point), on top of and around the lesion, during ten sessions. The wound healed completely after ten sessions. This treatment proved to be conservative and effective, inducing healing of a chronic wound in a tissue previously submitted to radiotherapy.
Int Wound J 2011 Apr 15
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Rimulo AL, Ferreira MC, Abreu MH, Aguirre-Neto JC, Paiva SM
Meire Coelho Ferreira. Dept Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. Email: meirecofe@ig.com.br.
BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis is the main complication of chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in the treatment of cancer. Phototherapy has proven effective in the treatment of mucositis, as it accelerates the tissue healing process and has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. CASE REPORT: This paper reports the case of a paediatric patient with oral mucositis stemming from chemotherapy employed for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. TREATMENT: The lesions were treated daily with a light-emitting diode (LED). FOLLOWUP: Remission of the lesions occurred after 10 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: LED was effective in the treatment of mucositis, as it diminished pain symptoms and accelerated the tissue repair process.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011 Apr 12(2) 124-7
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Cauwels RG, Martens LC
Dr Rita Cauwels. Dept Paediatric Dentistry, University Hospital (P8), De Pintelaan 158, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Email: rita.cauwels@ugent.be.
AIM: The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the capacity of pain relief and wound healing of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) in a paediatric oncology population group. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: 16 children (mean age 9.4 years) from the Gent University Hospital – Department Paediatric Oncology/haematology, suffering from chemotherapy-induced OM were selected. During clinical investigations, the OM grade was assessed using the WHO classification. All children were treated using a GaAlAs diode laser with 830 nm wavelength and a potency of 150 mW. The energy released was adapted according to the severity of the OM lesions. The same protocol was repeated every 48 hrs until healing of each lesion occurred. Subjective pain was monitored before and immediately after treatment by an appropriate pain scale and functional impairment was recorded. At each visit, related blood cell counts were recorded. RESULTS: After 12 mths, records were evaluated and information about treatment sequence, treatment sessions and frequencies related to the pain sensation and comfort were registered. Immediately after beaming the OM, pain relief was noticed. Depending on the severity of OM, on average, 2.5 treatments per lesion in a period of 1 week were sufficient to heal a mucositis lesion. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT, one of the most recent and promising treatment therapies, has been shown to reduce the severity and duration of mucositis and to relieve pain significantly. In the present study similar effects were obtained with the GaAlAs 830nm diode laser. It became clear that using the latter diode device, new guidelines could be developed as a function of the WHO-OM grades i.e. the lower the grade, the less energy needed. Immediate pain relief and improved wound healing resolved functional impairment that was obtained in all cases.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011 Apr 12(2) 118-23
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Zhuravlev AS, Krylova2 IV, Bluvshtein GM, Demina EV
Kafedra otorinolaringologii Khar’kovskogo natsional’nogo meditsinskogo universiteta, Khar’kov.
A method for the treatment of chronic sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) is proposed that includes administration of trental followed by intravenous laser irradiation of blood (IVLBI). The study included 81 patients at the age from 20 to more than 60 years presenting with CSNHL. They were allocated to three groups; the patients in group 1 (n=32) were given trental intravenously followed by intravenous laser irradiation of blood, those of group 2 (n=24) were treated with IVLBI alone while patients of group 3 (n=25) received “traditional” treatment. Audiometric examination and rheoencephalography were carried out before and after therapy. The hearing improved to 18-20 dB in group 1, to 10-15 dB in group 2, and to 10 dB in group 3. The improvement of rheoencephalographic characteristics was documented in the patients of all groups but was especially pronounced in group 1. It is concluded that the proposed method significantly increases the efficiency of treatment of chronic sensorineural hearing loss.
Vestn Otorinolaringol 2011 (2) 43-45
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Lim WB, Kim JS, Ko YJ, Kwon H, Kim SW, Min HK, Kim O, Choi HR, Kim OJ
Department of Oral Pathology, 2nd Stage of Brain Korea 21 for School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is recognized that hypoxic/ischemic conditions leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important mediator of angiogenesis in the wound-healing process. Recently, low level light irradiation at 635 nm, which is used in many clinical fields, was found to decrease intracellular ROS levels, and consequently alleviate oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 635 nm light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in an in vitro CoCl(2) -induced severe hypoxia model. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects were assessed on cell viability, tube formation, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-1 and -2 protein expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and ROS dissociation. RESULTS: The results showed that, under hypoxic/ischemic conditions, irradiation with 635 leads to reduced production and increased scavenging of intracellular ROS, which results in alleviation of VEGFR-1 suppression, enhanced VEGF expression and ERK MAPK activation, and subsequent acceleration of angiogenesis with improved cell viability and tube formation. CONCLUSION: Taken together, irradiation with 635 nm was shown to reduce intracellular ROS production, which results in increased angiogenesis. Thus, we suggest that irradiation with 635 nm accelerate angiogenesis under hypoxic/ischemic conditions, and may prove to be a useful alternative tool in wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:344-352, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lasers Surg Med 2011 Apr 43(4) 344-52
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Pallotta RC, Bjordal JM, Frigo L, Leal Junior EC, Teixeira S, Marcos RL, Ramos L, de Moura Messias F, Lopes-Martins RA
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-900.
Arthritis of the knee is the most common type of joint inflammatory disorder and it is associated with pain and inflammation of the joint capsule. Few studies address the effects of the 810-nm laser in such conditions. Here we investigated the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT; infrared, 810-nm) in experimentally induced rat knee inflammation. Thirty male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were anesthetized and injected with carrageenan by an intra-articular route. After 6 and 12 h, all animals were killed by CO(2) inhalation and the articular cavity was washed for cellular and biochemical analysis. Articular tissue was carefully removed for real-time PCR analysis in order to evaluate COX-1 and COX-2 expression. LLLT was able to significantly inhibit the total number of leukocytes, as well as the myeloperoxidase activity with 1, 3, and 6 J (Joules) of energy. This result was corroborated by cell counting showing the reduction of polymorphonuclear cells at the inflammatory site. Vascular extravasation was significantly inhibited at the higher dose of energy of 10 J. Both COX-1 and 2 gene expression were significantly enhanced by laser irradiation while PGE(2) production was inhibited. Low-level laser therapy operating at 810 nm markedly reduced inflammatory signs of inflammation but increased COX-1 and 2 gene expression. Further studies are necessary to investigate the possible production of antiinflammatory mediators by COX enzymes induced by laser irradiation in knee inflammation.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Apr 12
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Nadur-Andrade N, Barbosa AM, Carlos FP, Lima CJ, Cogo JC, Zamuner SR
Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.
Antivenom (AV) treatment has been ineffective in neutralizing the severe local fast-developing tissue damage following snake-bite envenoming. We studied the effectiveness of low-level laser (LLL) and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation alone or in combination with AV in reducing local edema formation and hemorrhage induced by Bothrops moojeni venom (BmV) in mice. Edema formation was induced by injection of 1 mug per paw of BmV into the right paw and was evaluated before and at several intervals after BmV intraplantar injection. Hemorrhagic activity was evaluated after intradermal injection of 20 mug of BmV by measuring the diameter of the hemorrhagic area on the inner side of the skin. The site of BmV injection was irradiated by LLL or LED 30 min after BmV inoculation. AV was also administered intravenously 30 min after BmV injection. Irradiation with LLL at a wavelength of 685 nm and a dose of 2.2 J/cm(2) and with a red LED and an infrared LED at wavelengths of 635 nm and 945 nm, respectively, and a dose of 4 J/cm(2) reduced edema formation and hemorrhage induced by BmV (p < 0.05). The combined AV and LLL or LED treatment showed the same reduction as LLL or LED irradiation separately. In conclusion, both LLL and LED irradiation reduced venom-induced local effects even though symptoms were already present. Thus, the effect of phototherapy in reducing local effects induced by BmV may be clinically relevant.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Apr 12
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Tanaka Y, Akiyoshi J, Kawahara Y, Ishitobi Y, Hatano K, Hoaki N, Mori A, Goto S, Tsuru J, Matsushita H, Hanada H, Kodama K, Isogawa K, Kitamura H, Fujikura Y
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-Machi, Yufu-Shi, Oita, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Bright light therapy has been shown to have antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in humans. OBJECTIVE: The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of infrared radiation were evaluated using an experimental animal model. METHODS: Rats were randomly assigned to either an acutely or chronically exposed infrared radiation group or to a nonexposed control group. Acutely exposed rats were treated with an infrared radiation machine for one session, whereas chronically exposed animals were treated with an infrared radiation for 10 sessions. Control group rats were exposed to the sound of the infrared radiation machine as a sham treatment. After infrared radiation or control exposure, rats underwent behavioral evaluation, including elevated plus maze test, light/dark box, and forced swim test. RESULTS: Chronic infrared radiation exposure decreased indicators of depression- and anxiety-like behavior. No significant effect on general locomotor activity was observed. The number of BrdU-positive cells in CA1 of the hippocampus was significantly increased in both acutely and chronically exposed infrared radiation groups compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that chronic infrared radiation might produce antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects.
Brain Stimul 2011 Apr 4(2) 71-6
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Sikurova L, Balis P, Zvarik M
Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 84248 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Hemoglobin is the main absorber of visible light in blood and blood-perfused tissues. However, hemoglobin is released from a red blood cell (RBC) during hemolysis. Hemolysis may be caused by a large number of medical conditions, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and this subsequently can affect passage of light through the treated biological structures. The purpose of the present study was to determine the penetration of a laser beam through a suspension of hemoglobin-free human red blood cells (RBCs) – ghosts. Although hemoglobin has been efficiently removed from the samples used in our experiments, our measurements show that the samples still effectively attenuate the radiant power of penetrating laser light. We established penetration depths of 12.6mm and 15.4mm for two different laser light wavelengths, 532nm and 630nm, respectively. The penetration depth of laser light was about one order of magnitude higher for hemoglobin-free RBC ghosts as compared to intact RBCs [8,10,12]. These results can be important in case of phototherapy or biostimulation, since all photons that penetrate in a biological object may interact with it and evoke biological response.
J Photochem Photobiol B 2011 Mar 29
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Fixler D, Duadi H, Ankri R, Zalevsky Z
School of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lately in phototherapy the use of diodes instead of lasers was suggested for economical and practical reasons. It has been argued that lasers have no preference over diodes since they lose their coherence once penetrating biological tissues. However, this point has never been experimentally proven. In this work we, for the first time, have experimentally validated the conditions affecting the spatial coherence of a laser illumination going through a biological tissue. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our experiments we measured the spatial coherence of the light passing through phantoms containing intralipid and ink component as well as through uncooked turkey meat. We do this measuring the changes of the contrast of the speckle patterns generated due to laser illumination. Flow tunnels inside the phantoms were generated by needles in two different diameters. The measurements were performed for varied integration time, varied thickness of phantoms, and for varied flow rates. The measurement system included two excitation sources: a green doubled Nd:YAG laser at wavelength of 532 nm and an ultra high power green LED at a wavelength of 520 nm. RESULTS: It was experimentally validated that the thickness of the tissue does not change the coherence while there is no flow. Furthermore, the flow velocity and the flow volumetric rate highly affect the coherence length. Previously developed mathematical expression, in which the contrast depends on the correlation and the exposure time, was found to be compatible with the obtained experimental results. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the coherence of the laser is not lost when the light goes through a static tissue but it is partially lost when there is a flow of fluid through the tissue. The volumetric flow rate is directly correlated to the loss of spatial coherence. Higher flow rate produces shorter coherence length. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:339-343, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lasers Surg Med 2011 Apr 43(4) 339-43
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Caprioglio C, Olivi G, Genovese MD
Paediatric Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Email: ac.caprioglio@tin.it.
BACKGROUND: Dental trauma in children is a frequent and often complex clinical event in which laser-assisted therapy, particularly using erbium lasers, can offer new treatment possibilities, improving the outcomes and reducing the associated complications. REVIEW: In particular, it is worth considering that the use of laser-assisted therapies is associated with a marked reduction in the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications compared with conventional procedures. Laser anaesthesia is another interesting and challenging area. CONCLUSION: Given the paucity of data on laser-assisted dental trauma therapy in the international literature and the absence of well-structured guidelines, this is an area ripe for scientific research.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011 Apr 12(2) 79-84
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Martens LC
Prof L.C. Martens. Dept Paediatric Dentistry, De Pintelaan 187 (P8) B – 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Email: luc.martens@ugent.be.
AIM: The aim of this introduction to this special laser issue is to describe some basic laser physics and to delineate the potential of laser-assisted dentistry in children. REVIEW: A brief review of the available laser literature was performed within the scope of paediatric dentistry. Attention was paid to soft tissue surgery, caries prevention and diagnosis, cavity preparation, comfort of the patient, effect on bacteria, long term pulpal vitality, endodontics in primary teeth, dental traumatology and low level laser therapy. Although there is a lack of sufficient evidence taking into account the highest standards for evidence-based dentistry, it is clear that laser application in a number of different aetiologies for soft tissue surgery in children has proven to be successful. Lasers provide a refined diagnosis of caries combined with the appropriate preventive adhesive dentistry after cavity preparation. This will further lead to a new wave of micro-dentistry based on ‘filling without drilling’. CONCLUSION: It has become clear from a review of the literature that specific laser applications in paediatric dentistry have gained increasing importance. It can be concluded that children should be considered as amongst the first patients for receiving laser-assisted dentistry.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2011 Apr 12(2) 61-7
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Sasaki Y, Wang S, Ogata Y
Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo.
Bone sialoprotein (BSP), an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, has been implicated in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite during de novo bone formation. Low-power laser irradiation has a stimulating effect on cells and tissues. Although the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser is a hard surgical laser, we have attempted to use it at low energy density to achieve biological alterations. To investigate the effects of CO(2) laser irradiation on BSP gene transcription, we used rat osteoblast-like ROS17/2.8 cells. BSP mRNA levels were increased at 12 h after irradiation with the CO(2) laser (2 W, 20 s). Transient transfection assays using various sizes of the rat BSP gene promoter linked to the luciferase reporter gene showed that CO(2) laser irradiation induced luciferase activity of a -116 to +60 BSP promoter construct (pLUC3) at 12 h in the cells. Transcriptional stimulation by CO(2) laser irradiation was abrogated in the pLUC3 construct containing a 2-bp mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 2 response element (FRE). Gel shift analyses showed that CO(2) laser irradiation increased the binding of nuclear protein to FRE. These studies demonstrate that CO(2) laser irradiation increases BSP transcription via FRE in the rat BSP gene promoter. (J Oral Sci 53, 51-59, 2011).
J Oral Sci 2011 53(1) 51-9
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Weng Y, Dang Y, Ye X, Liu N, Zhang Z, Ren Q
School of Life Science, East China Normal University,Shanghai, China; and *Institute for Laser Medicine and Bio-Photonics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Background. A variety of lasers with different wavelengths and biological effects are widely used for nonablative skin rejuvenation, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Aim. To investigate the effects of irradiation by different nonablative lasers on collagen synthesis and the antioxidant status of cultured fibroblasts to identify a possible mechanism for laser photorejuvenation. Methods. Cultured skin fibroblasts were irradiated with three different lasers: 532 nm potassium-titanyl phosphate (KTP), 1064 nm Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:Yag) and 1064 nm long-pulse Nd:YAG, and production of collagen and changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assayed. Results. Irradiation by all three lasers led to a marked increase in collagen production. Two major antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GSH, were significantly increased, whereas MDA was markedly reduced after laser irradiation. No change in LDH activity was found between nonirradiated and irradiated fibroblasts. Conclusion. This study indicates that the increased collagen synthesis by fibroblasts after laser treatment may be partly due to improved antioxidant capacity, which reduces oxidative stress and thus stimulates new collagen production.
Clin Exp Dermatol 2011 Apr 4
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Carvalho CM, Lacerda JA, Dos Santos Neto FP, de Castro IC, Ramos TA, de Lima FO, de Cerqueira Luz JG, Ramalho MJ, Dos Santos JN, Pinheiro AL
1 Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia , Salvador, BA, Brazil .
Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by light microscopy, the effects of laser phototherapy (LPT) at 780 nm or a combination of 660 and 790 nm, on the inflammatory process of the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) induced by carrageen. Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are frequent in the population and generally present an inflammatory component. Previous studies have evidenced positive effects of laser phototherapy on TMDs. However, its mechanism of action on the inflammation of the TMJ is not known yet. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups: G1, Saline; G2, Saline + LPT IR; G3, Saline + LPT IR + R; G4, Carrageenan; G5, Carrageenan + LPT IR; G6, Carrageenan + LPT IR + R; G7, previous LPT + Carrageenan; G8, previous LPT + carrageenan + LPT IR; and G9, previous LPT + carrageenan + LPT IR + R, and then subdivided in subgroups of 3 and 7 days. After animal death, specimens were taken, routinely cut and stained with HE, Sirius Red, and Toluidine Blue. Descriptive analysis of components of the TMJ was done. The synovial cell layers were counted. Results: Injection of saline did not produced inflammatory reaction and the irradiated groups did not present differences compared to nonirradiated ones. After carrageenan injection, intense inflammatory infiltration and synovial cell layers proliferation were observed. The infrared irradiated group presented less inflammation and less synovial cell layers number compared to other groups. Previous laser irradiation did not improve the results. Conclusion: It was concluded that the LPT presented positive effects on inflammatory infiltration reduction and accelerated the inflammation process, mainly with IR laser irradiation. The number of synovial cell layers was reduced on irradiated group.
Photomed Laser Surg 2011 Apr 29(4) 245-54
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Grendel T, Sokolsky J, Vascakova A, Hrehova B, Polakova M, Bobrov N, Sabol F, Gal P
1 Department of Medical Biophysics, Pavol Jozef Safarik University , Kosice, Slovak Republic .
Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether LLLT at 830 nm is able to positively modulate trachea incisional wound healing in Sprague-Dawley rats. Background data: Tracheotomy may be associated with numerous complications. Development of excess granulation tissue represents a late complication that may lead to airway occlusion. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to have stimulatory effects on wound healing of different tissues. Therefore, it may be suggested that LLLT could be able to positively modulate trachea wound healing as well. Materials and methods: Using general anesthesia, a median incision was performed from the second to the fifth tracheal cartilage ring in 24 rats. Animals were then randomly divided into sham-irradiated control and laser-treated groups. LLLT (power density: 450 mW/cm(2); total daily dose: 60 J/cm(2); irradiated area approximately 1 cm(2)) treatment was performed daily during the first week after surgery. Samples for histological evaluation were removed 7 and 28 days after surgical procedure. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson. Results: Results from our investigation showed that LLLT was able to reduce granulation tissue formation and simultaneously increase new cartilage development at both evaluated time intervals. Conclusions: From this point of view, LLLT at 830 nm may be a valuable tool in trachea wound healing modulation. Nevertheless, further detailed research is needed to find optimal therapeutic parameters and to test these findings on other animal models.
Photomed Laser Surg 2011 Apr 1
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das Neves LM, Marcolino AM, Prado RP, De Souza Ribeiro T, Pinfildi CE, Thomazini JA
1 Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, University of Sao Paulo-FMRP/USP , Ribeirao Preto, Brazil .
Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 830-nm laser in blocking the action of nicotine on the viability of skin flap. Background data: The authors have analyzed the deleterious effect of cigarette smoke or nicotine on the skin flap alone with evidence of increased skin necrosis in the flap. Materials and methods: Twenty-four Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups of eight animals each: Group 1 (control), subjected to a surgical technique to obtain a flap for cranial base, laser irradiation simulation, and a subcutaneous injection of saline; Group 2, similar to Group 1, with subcutaneous injection of nicotine (2 mg/kg/day) for a period of 1 week before and 1 week after surgery; and Group 3, similar to Group 2, with skin flaps subjected to a lambda 830-nm laser irradiation. The laser parameters used were: power 30 mW, beam area 0.07cm(2), irradiance 429 mW/cm(2), irradiation time 84 sec, total energy 2.52 J, and energy density 36J/cm(2). The laser was used immediately after surgery and for 4 consecutive days, in one point at 2.5 cm of the flap cranial base. The areas of necrosis were examined by two macroscopic analyses: paper template and Mini-Mop((R)). The pervious blood vessels were also counted. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and post-test contrast orthogonal method (multiple comparisons), showing that the laser decreased the area of necrosis in flaps subjected to nicotine, and consequently, increased the number of blood vessels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The laser proved to be an effective way to decrease the area of necrosis in rats subjected to nicotine, making them similar to the control group.
Photomed Laser Surg 2011 Apr 1
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Sanati MH, Torkaman G, Hedayati M, Dizaji MM
Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Injury potential may have a triggering biological role in wound healing. In this study, the effect of photostimulation to promote wound healing and its effect on injury potential was investigated using the Ga-As and He-Ne lasers. In this study, 30healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control and two laser groups, He-Ne and Ga-As laser. A 2.5cm craniocaudal full-thickness skin incision was made on each animal’s dorsal region. Differential skin surface potential was measured before and immediately after the injury and also up to the 21st day, every other day. Wound surface area was also measured. Immediately after injury, wound potential significantly increased in all three groups. Maximum positive peak of injury potential was greater in Ga-As group compared to He-Ne laser and control groups (P<0.05) and lasting period of maximum positive potential in two laser groups was longer than that in the control group. There were no significant differences between the mean potential of before wounding and after the 15th, 17th, and 19th day in Ga-As, He-Ne, and control group, respectively (P>0.05). On the other hand, Ga-As and He-Ne laser facilitated the normal distribution of skin potential after wounding. These findings demonstrate that Ga-As laser may be more effective on wound closure and on returning the injury potential to normal level than the He-Ne laser.
J Photochem Photobiol B 2011 May 3 103(2) 180-5
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Reddy M
Geriatric Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
INTRODUCTION: Unrelieved pressure or friction of the skin, particularly over bony prominences, can lead to pressure ulcers in up to one third of people in hospitals or community care, and one fifth of nursing home residents. Pressure ulcers are more likely in people with reduced mobility and poor skin condition, such as older people or those with vascular disease. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of preventive interventions in people at risk of developing pressure ulcers? What are the effects of treatments in people with pressure ulcers? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 64 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: air-filled vinyl boots, air-fluidised supports, alternating-pressure surfaces (including mattresses), alternative foam mattresses, constant low-pressure supports, debridement, electric profiling beds, electrotherapy, hydrocellular heel supports, low-air-loss beds (including hydrotherapy beds), low-level laser therapy, low-tech constant-low-pressure supports, medical sheepskin overlays, nutritional supplements, orthopaedic wool padding, pressure-relieving overlays on operating tables, pressure-relieving surfaces, repositioning (regular “turning”), seat cushions, standard beds, standard care, standard foam mattresses, standard tables, surgery, therapeutic ultrasound, topical lotions and dressings, topical negative pressure, and topical phenytoin.
Clin Evid (Online) 2011 2011
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Taradaj J, Franek A, Cierpka L, Brzezinska-Wcislo L, Blaszczak E, Polak A, Chmielewska D, Krol P, Dolibog P, Kucio C
Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate early and long-term results of physical methods in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. METHOD: In group A after surgical operation, 40 patients were treated with the high-voltage stimulation (HVS) (100 micros, 100 Hz, 100 V) and drug therapy. In group B after operation, 37 patients were treated with ultrasound (0.5 W/cm(2), 1 MHz) and drug therapy. In group C after operation, 33 patients were treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (810 nm, 65 mW) and drug therapy. In group D after operation, 35 patients were treated with the compression stockings (25-31 mmHg) and drug therapy. In group E after operation, 37 patients were only treated with drug therapy. Group F consisted of 32 patients, conservatively treated with the HVS and drug therapy. Group G consisted of 20 patients, conservatively treated with ultrasound and drug therapy. Group H consisted of 21 patients, conservatively treated with LLLT and drug therapy. Group I consisted of 30 patients, conservatively treated with compression and drug therapy. Group J consisted of 27 patients only treated with drug therapy. RESULTS: Both short and long term parameters showed that compression therapy is the most efficient in ulcer healing. The electrical and ultrasound methods are less effective. The laser therapy ared useless. CONCLUSION: Superficial venous surgery in addition to compression therapy is the most efficient treatment of venous leg ulcers. The compression therapy should be continued both surgically and conservatively treated patients with healed ulcers. In special cases after superficial venous surgery (isolated superficial reflux) compression therapy could be applied only to the time of ulcer closure without continuing it longer. HVS and ultrasound therapy are useful methods in conservative treatment of venous leg ulcers. For surgically-treated patients these physical therapies are efficient only in superficial plus deep reflux cases. HVS and ultrasound can be alternative methods, but are less effective in recurrence risk. LLLT is not an efficient physical method in treatment of venous leg ulcers.
Phlebology 2011 Apr 7
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Khoshvaghti A, Zibamanzarmofrad M, Bayat M
1 Anatomy Department, Medical Faculty, Artesh University of Medical Sciences (AUMS) , Tehran, Iran .
Abstract Background Data: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to be capable of changing mast cell numbers and degranulation in experimental burns in rats. Objective: We conducted a study of the influence of LLLT on mast cells in a rat model of third-degree burn. Methods: In this study we divided 48 rats equally into two groups of 24 rats each. Third-degree burns were inflicted at three different locations on each rat in each group. The first burn site on rats in group I was treated with 890-nm pulsed laser, 75W peak, 80 Hz, 180 ns, average power 1mW, illuminated area 1 cm(2), 1 mW/cm(2), 856 sec, 0.924 J/cm(2). The second burn site on both groups of rats was treated with 0.2% nitrofurazone cream. Mast cell numbers and degranulation at each burn site on each group of rats were then assessed at 4, 8, 13, and 20 days after the infliction of burns. Results: Analysis of variance on day 4 showed that the total numbers of mast cells were significantly lower at the laser-treated burn sites than at other burn sites on both groups of rats. On day 8 the total numbers of mast cells were again significantly lower at the laser-treated burn sites than at other burn sites, and on day 13, the numbers of both types 1 and 2 mast cells were significantly lower at the laser-treated burn sites than at other burn sites. Conclusions: We conclude that LLLT can significantly decrease total numbers of mast cells during the proliferation and remodeling phases of healing in a rat model of third-degree burn.
Photomed Laser Surg 2011 Apr 1
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McAvey KM, Guan B, Fortier CA, Tarr MA, Cole RB
Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA.
Conditions for the detection of three odd-electron cholesterol oxidation peaks were determined and these peaks were shown to be artifacts of the matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight (MALDI-TOF) process. Matrix choice, solvent, laser intensity and cholesterol concentration were systematically varied to characterize the conditions leading to the highest signals of the radical cation peaks, and it was found that initial cholesterol solution concentration and resultant density of solid cholesterol on the MALDI target were important parameters in determining signal intensities. It is proposed that hydroxyl radicals, generated as a result of laser irradiation of the employed 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix, initiate cholesterol oxidation on the MALDI target. An attempt to induce the odd-electron oxidation peaks by means of adding an oxidizing agent succeeded using an acetonitrile solution of DHB, cholesterol, and cumene hydroperoxide. Moreover, addition of free radical scavengers reduced the abundances of some oxidation products under certain conditions. These results are consistent with the mechanism of oxidation proposed herein involving laser-induced hydroxyl radical production followed by attack on neutral cholesterol. Hydroxyl radical production upon irradiation of dithranol matrix may also be responsible for generation of the same radical peaks observed from cholesterol in dithranol by an analogous mechanism.
J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2011 Apr 22(4) 659-69
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Bril V, England J, Franklin GM, Backonja M, Cohen J, Del Toro D, Feldman E, Iverson DJ, Perkins B, Russell JW, Zochodne D
OBJECTIVE: To develop a scientifically sound and clinically relevant evidence-based guideline for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature from 1960 to August 2008 and classified the studies according to the American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence scheme for a therapeutic article, and recommendations were linked to the strength of the evidence. The basic question asked was: “What is the efficacy of a given treatment (pharmacological: anticonvulsants, antidepressants, opioids, others; and non-pharmacological: electrical stimulation, magnetic field treatment, low-intensity laser treatment, Reiki massage, others) to reduce pain and improve physical function and quality of life (QOL) in patients with PDN?” RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Pregabalin is established as effective and should be offered for relief of PDN (Level A). Venlafaxine, duloxetine, amitriptyline, gabapentin, valproate, opioids (morphine sulphate, tramadol, and oxycodone controlled-release), and capsaicin are probably effective and should be considered for treatment of PDN (Level B). Other treatments have less robust evidence or the evidence is negative. Effective treatments for PDN are available, but many have side effects that limit their usefulness, and few studies have sufficient information on treatment effects on function and QOL.
PM R 2011 Apr 3(4) 345-352.e21
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Vukoja D, Alajbeg I, Boras VV, Brailo V, Alajbeg IZ, Rogulj AA
1 Dental Unit Zagreb Istok , Svarcova, Zagreb, Croatia .
Photomed Laser Surg 2011 Apr 14
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The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the low level laser system for aesthetic use into class II (special controls). The special control(s) that will apply to the device is entitled “Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Low Level Laser System for Aesthetic Use.” The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of a guidance document that will serve as the special control for this device type.
Fed Regist 2011 Apr 14 76(72) 20840-2
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Bril V, England JD, Franklin GM, Backonja M, Cohen JA, Del Toro DR, Feldman EL, Iverson DJ, Perkins B, Russell JW, Zochodne DW
University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. aanem@aanem.org.
The objective of this report was to develop a scientifically sound and clinically relevant evidence-based guideline for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). The basic question that was asked was: “What is the efficacy of a given treatment (pharmacological: anticonvulsants, antidepressants, opioids, others; non-pharmacological: electrical stimulation, magnetic field treatment, low-intensity laser treatment, Reiki massage, others) to reduce pain and improve physical function and quality of life (QOL) in patients with PDN?” A systematic review of literature from 1960 to August 2008 was performed, and studies were classified according to the American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence scheme for a therapeutic article. Recommendations were linked to the strength of the evidence. The results indicate that pregabalin is established as effective and should be offered for relief of PDN (Level A). Venlafaxine, duloxetine, amitriptyline, gabapentin, valproate, opioids (morphine sulfate, tramadol, and oxycodone controlled-release), and capsaicin are probably effective and should be considered for treatment of PDN (Level B). Other treatments have less robust evidence, or the evidence is negative. Effective treatments for PDN are available, but many have side effects that limit their usefulness. Few studies have sufficient information on their effects on function and QOL. Muscle Nerve, 2011.
Muscle Nerve 2011 Mar 9
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Emilio Salvi A, Teresa Donini M, Campochiaro G, Corona M, Dakovic I
Epicondilites are pathologies poorly understood from the aetiopathogenetic point of view. In this regard, many hypotheses have been considered and numerous anatomical structures are involved. Current therapeutic options are either conservative or surgical. Conservative treatments are: immobilization of the elbow flexed at 90-degrees, stretching the forearm muscles, manipulating the wrist, the application of low-energy extracorporeal shock waves, acupuncture, autologous blood injection under the extensor carpi radialis brevis, laser therapy and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. Surgical treatments are: fasciotomy, excision of angiofibroblastic hyperplasias located at the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis, partial release of the orbicular ligament, release of the extensor muscles, elongation of the tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis and arthroscopic treatment. Advantages and disadvantages are described for each treatment according to the international literature.
Tunis Med 2011 Apr 89(4) 320-5
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Bril V, England J, Franklin GM, Backonja M, Cohen J, Del Toro D, Feldman E, Iverson DJ, Perkins B, Russell JW, Zochodne D
From the University Health Network (V.B., B.P.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (J.E.), LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; University of Washington (G.M.F.), Seattle; University of Wisconsin (M.B.), Madison; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (J.C.), Lebanon, NH; Department of PM&R (D.D.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; University of Michigan (E.F.), Ann Arbor; Humboldt Neurological Medical Group, Inc. (D.J.I.), Eureka, CA; Department of Neurology (J.W.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and University of Calgary (D.Z.), Calgary, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a scientifically sound and clinically relevant evidence-based guideline for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature from 1960 to August 2008 and classified the studies according to the American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence scheme for a therapeutic article, and recommendations were linked to the strength of the evidence. The basic question asked was: “What is the efficacy of a given treatment (pharmacologic: anticonvulsants, antidepressants, opioids, others; and nonpharmacologic: electrical stimulation, magnetic field treatment, low-intensity laser treatment, Reiki massage, others) to reduce pain and improve physical function and quality of life (QOL) in patients with PDN?” Results and Recommendations: Pregabalin is established as effective and should be offered for relief of PDN (Level A). Venlafaxine, duloxetine, amitriptyline, gabapentin, valproate, opioids (morphine sulfate, tramadol, and oxycodone controlled-release), and capsaicin are probably effective and should be considered for treatment of PDN (Level B). Other treatments have less robust evidence or the evidence is negative. Effective treatments for PDN are available, but many have side effects that limit their usefulness, and few studies have sufficient information on treatment effects on function and QOL.
Neurology 2011 Apr 11
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Tull SS, Raza S
Skin Surgery Center of Missouri, O’Fallon, USA.
There are numerous laser and light technology instruments for cosmetic improvement of skin appearance. New technology is constantly being developed to improve cosmesis, shorten recovery and reduce risk.
Mo Med 2011 Jan-Feb 108(1) 69-72
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Jewell ML, Solish NJ, Desilets CS
Jewell Plastic Surgery Center, Oregon Health Science University, 10 Coburg Road, Suite 300, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA, mjewell@teleport.com.
BACKGROUND: Body-sculpting procedures are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. Although surgical lipoplasty remains the most common body sculpting procedure, a demand exists for noninvasive alternatives capable of reducing focal adiposity without the risks of adverse events (AEs) associated with invasive excisional body-sculpting procedures. METHODS: This report describes the mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cryolipolysis, radiofrequency ablation, low-level external laser therapy, injection lipolysis, low-intensity nonthermal ultrasound, and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), with an emphasis on thermal HIFU. The articles cited were identified via a PubMed search, with additional article citations identified by manual searching of the reference lists of articles identified through the literature search. RESULTS: Each of the noninvasive treatments reviewed can be administered on an outpatient basis. These treatments generally have fewer complications than lipoplasty and require little or no anesthesia or analgesia. However, HIFU is the only treatment that can produce significant results in a single treatment, and only radiofrequency, low-level laser therapy, and cryolipolysis have been approved for use in the United States. Early clinical data on HIFU support its efficacy and safety for body sculpting. In contrast, radiofrequency, laser therapy, and injection lipolysis have been associated with significant AEs. CONCLUSIONS: The published literature suggests that noninvasive body-sculpting techniques such as radiofrequency ablation, cryolipolysis, external low-level lasers, laser ablation, nonthermal ultrasound, and HIFU may be appropriate options for nonobese patients requiring modest reduction of adipose tissue.
Aesthetic Plast Surg 2011 Apr 1
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