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THOR on YouTube43 LLLT papers for your review, including reduced muscle fatigue when training, improved nerve conduction in diabetic polyneuropathy, improved bold flow in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, improved hair density and hair thickness in women, improved healing of dry sockets after tooth extraction, a paper I co-authored showing how LLLT reduces cognitive deficits and inhibits microglial activation after TBI in mice, and many many more.
Effects of low-level laser therapy (808 nm) on isokinetic muscle performance of young women submitted to endurance training: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
de Brito Vieira WH, Ferraresi C, de Andrade Perez SE, Baldissera V, Parizotto NA
Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (Campus Universitario Lagoa Nova), Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil, hericksonfisio@yahoo.com.br.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown efficacy in muscle bioenergetic activation and its effects could influence the mechanical performance of this tissue during physical exercise. This study tested whether endurance training associated with LLLT could increase human muscle performance in isokinetic dynamometry when compared to the same training without LLLT. The primary objective was to determine the fatigue index of the knee extensor muscles (FIext) and the secondary objective was to determine the total work of the knee extensor muscles (TWext). Included in the study were 45 clinically healthy women (21 +/- 1.78 years old) who were randomly distributed into three groups: CG (control group), TG (training group) and TLG (training with LLLT group). The training for the TG and TLG groups involved cycle ergometer exercise with load applied to the ventilatory threshold (VT) for 9 consecutive weeks. Immediately after each training session, LLLT was applied to the femoral quadriceps muscle of both lower limbs of the TLG subjects using an infrared laser device (808 nm) with six 60-mW diodes with an energy of 0.6 J per diode and a total energy applied to each limb of 18 J. VT was determined by ergospirometry during an incremental exercise test and muscle performance was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer at 240 degrees /s. Only the TLG showed a decrease in FIext in the nondominant lower limb (P = 0.016) and the dominant lower limb (P = 0.006). Both the TLG and the TG showed an increase in TWext in the nondominant lower limb (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively) and in the dominant lower limb (P < 0.000 and P < 0.000, respectively). The CG showed no reduction in FIext or TWext in either lower limb. The results suggest that an endurance training program combined with LLLT leads to a greater reduction in fatigue than an endurance training program without LLLT. This is relevant to everyone involved in sport and rehabilitation.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 26
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Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy: Effect of low-intensity laser therapy.
Khamseh ME, Kazemikho N, Aghili R, Forough B, Lajevardi M, Hashem Dabaghian F, Goushegir A, Malek M
Endocrine Research Center (Firouzgar), Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Hemmat Campus), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, m-khamseh@tums.ac.ir.
Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been considered as a treatment modality in diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of LILT on DSP. We examined 107 subjects with type 2 diabetes for detection of DSP using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Seventeen subjects were eligible to be enrolled in the study. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed in all eligible subjects as an objective method to confirm neuropathy. The participants received LILT three times a week for ten sessions. NCSs were reevaluated after completion of the treatment. The absolute changes in NCS parameters were considered to establish the effectiveness of the treatment. Baseline demographics were similar in all participants. The mean differences of NCV parameters were considered for comparison. At the end of the study, the subjects showed a significant increase in neural potential amplitudes (p < 0.05). This study clearly demonstrated a significant positive effect of LILT on improvement of nerve conduction velocity on diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). This finding supports the therapeutic potential of LILT in DSP.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 19
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Red (660 nm) and infrared (830 nm) low-level laser therapy in skeletal muscle fatigue in humans: what is better?
de Almeida P, Lopes-Martins RA, De Marchi T, Tomazoni SS, Albertini R, Correa JC, Rossi RP, Machado GP, da Silva DP, Bjordal JM, Leal Junior EC
Post Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 01504-001, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
In animal and clinical trials low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using red, infrared and mixed wavelengths has been shown to delay the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. However, the parameters employed in these studies do not allow a conclusion as to which wavelength range is better in delaying the development of skeletal muscle fatigue. With this perspective in mind, we compared the effects of red and infrared LLLT on skeletal muscle fatigue. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial was performed in ten healthy male volunteers. They were treated with active red LLLT, active infrared LLLT (660 or 830 nm, 50 mW, 17.85 W/cm(2), 100 s irradiation per point, 5 J, 1,785 J/cm(2) at each point irradiated, total 20 J irradiated per muscle) or an identical placebo LLLT at four points of the biceps brachii muscle for 3 min before exercise (voluntary isometric elbow flexion for 60 s). The mean peak force was significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (12.14%) and infrared LLLT (14.49%) than following placebo LLLT, and the mean average force was also significantly greater (p < 0.05) following red (13.09%) and infrared LLLT (13.24%) than following placebo LLLT. There were no significant differences in mean average force or mean peak force between red and infrared LLLT. We conclude that both red than infrared LLLT are effective in delaying the development skeletal muscle fatigue and in enhancement of skeletal muscle performance. Further studies are needed to identify the specific mechanisms through which each wavelength acts.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Jul 22
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The impact of laser irradiation on global stability in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency: A clinical report.
Lukowicz M, Zalewski P, Bulatowicz I, Buszko K, Klawe JJ
Department of Laser Therapy and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum – Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
Background: The purpose of our experiment was to determine whether laser stimulation can improve microcirculation in the posterior regions of the brain in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Material/Methods: We studied 25 patients (20 female, 5 male, mean age 64) diagnosed with chronic VBI. All were evaluated using the De Klyn test, followed by qualitative assessment of stability using a Berg Balance Scale and evaluation of global stability using an electronic balance platform. A CTL-1100 low power laser was used with standard parameters. We established a protocol for laser irradiation at 5 points along the vertebral artery in the cervical region bilaterally. Irradiation was performed 10 times over two weeks. Results: Significant improvement occurred after therapy in headache (p=0.0005), vertigo (p<0.0000), and tinnitus (p=0.0387). No significant differences were observed in nausea or nystagmus caused by head rotation. The Berg Balance Scale results showed significant differences in almost all features. There was a tendency towards improved stability in all parameters, and statistically significant differences in the total surface of support and the spread surface of support for the left foot. Conclusions: Laser stimulation as applied in this study can be useful in the treatment of patients with VBI. The main reason for improvement in global stability, balance, and other VBI symptoms is better blood perfusion.
Med Sci Monit 2011 Aug 22 17(9) CR517-522
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The effect of a 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser in female pattern hair loss.
Lee GY, Lee SJ, Kim WS
Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Background Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, and its prevalence increases with advancing age. Affected women may experience psychological distress and social withdrawal. A variety of laser and light sources have been tried for treatment of hair loss, and some success has been reported. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser in treatment of female pattern hair loss. Patients and methods Twenty eight ethnic South Korean patients with varying degrees of FPHL were enrolled in the study. Patients received ten treatments with a 1550 nm fractional Er:Glass Laser (Mosaic, Lutronic Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea) at 2-weeks intervals using the same parameters (5-10 mm tip, 6 mJ pulse energy, 800 spot/cm(2) density, static mode). Phototrichogram and global photographs were taken at baseline and at the end of laser treatment, and analysed for changes in hair density and hair shaft diameter. Global photographs underwent blinded review by three independent dermatologists using a 7-point scale. Patients also answered questionnaires assessing hair growth throughout the study. All adverse effects were reported during the study. Results Twenty seven patients completed a 5-month schedule of laser treatment. One patient was excluded during treatment due to occurrence of alopecia areata. At the initial visit, mean hair density was 100 +/- 14/cm(2) , and mean hair thickness was 58 +/- 12 mum. After 5 months of laser treatment, hair density showed a marked increase to 157 +/- 28/cm(2) (P < 0.001), and hair thickness also increased to 75 +/- 13 mum (P < 0.001). Global photographs showed improvement in 24 (87.5%) of the 27 patients. Two patients (7.4%) reported mild pruritus after laser treatment; however, these resolved within 2 h. Conclusion A 1550 nm fractional erbium-glass laser irradiation may be an effective and safe treatment option for women with female pattern hair loss.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011 Aug 4
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[Assessment of the effectiveness of low level laser in the treatment of alveolar osteitis].
Jovanovic G, Uric N, Krunic N, Tijanic M, Stojanovic S
Univerzitet u Nisu, Medicinski fakultet, Klinika za stomatologiju, Nis, Srbija.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is the extraction wound healing disorder with a presence of severe pain. Low level laser therapy stimulates cell metabolism and microcirculation, have has pronounced analgesic, antiedematous and anti-inflammatory effect and speeds up wound healing process. The aim of this study was to present results of clinical research that examined the effectiveness of low level laser in pain relief and healing of extraction wounds with alveolar osteitis in the lower jaw which was formed on the second day after tooth extraction. METHODS: The study was conducted on 60 subjects divided into the study and the control group. In both groups extraction wounds were processed in similar way, except that in the study group was applied daily treatment of low level laser with a total of eight sessions of radiation, while in the control group extraction wounds were dressed with zinc oxide eugenol paste, which was changed every 48 hours up to the pain cessation. Measurement of pain intensity was done with a visual analogue scale (VAS) 10 min prior to processing of extraction wounds and daily for the next eight days. Assessment of the effectiveness of low level laser on healing of extraction wounds was performed on the day eight of the treatment. RESULTS: On the day five after beginning of the treatment of extraction wounds with alveolar osteitis in the patients of the study group a lower average value of pain as compared to the control group was registered. This difference was increased within the following days. Extraction wounds healing in the study group was more successful and faster than in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the reduction of pain was more pronounced in the patients with alveolar osteitis whose extraction wounds were subjected to low level laser radiation in comparison to those in which extraction wounds were treated with zinc oxide eugenol paste.
Vojnosanit Pregl 2011 Jun 68(6) 506-10
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Low-Level Laser Light Therapy Improves Cognitive Deficits and Inhibits Microglial Activation after Controlled Cortical Impact in Mice.
Khuman J, Zhang J, Park J, Carroll J, Whalen M
Massachusetts General Hospital , Neuroscience Center and Department of Pediatrics, 149 Thirteenth street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States, 02129; jugtakhuman@gmail.com.
Low-level laser light therapy (LLLT) exerts beneficial effects on motor and histopathological outcome after experimental TBI (Oron et al., 2007), and coherent near infrared light has been reported to improve cognitive function in patients with chronic TBI (Naeser et al., 2010). However, effects of LLLT on cognitive recovery in experimental TBI are lacking. We hypothesized that LLLT administered after controlled cortical impact (CCI) would improve postinjury Morris water maze performance. Low-level laser light (800 nm) was applied directly to the contused parenchyma or transcranially in mice beginning 60-80 min after CCI. Injured mice treated with 60 J/cm2 (500 mW/cm2 x 2 min) either transcranially or via an open craniotomy had modestly improved latency to the hidden platform (p < 0.05 for group) and probe trial performance (p < 0.01) compared to non-treated controls. The beneficial effects of LLLT in open craniotomy mice were associated with reduced microgliosis at 48h (21.8 + 2.3 vs. 39.2 + 4.2 IbA-1+ cells/x200 field, p < 0.05). Little or no effect of LLLT on postinjury cognitive function was observed using other doses, a 4 h administration time point and 7 day administration of 60 J/cm2. No effect of LLLT (60 J/cm2 open craniotomy) was observed on postinjury motor function (d 1-7), brain edema (24 h), nitrosative stress (24 h), or lesion volume (14 d). Although further dose optimization and mechanism studies are needed, the data suggest that LLLT might be a therapeutic option to improve cognitive recovery and limit inflammation after TBI.
J Neurotrauma 2011 Aug 18
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Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis: laser-assisted surgical treatment or conventional surgery?
Atalay B, Yalcin S, Emes Y, Aktas I, Aybar B, Issever H, Mandel NM, Cetin O, Oncu B
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34390, Capa-Istanbul, Turkey, batalay@istanbul.edu.tr.
Bisphosphonates (BSPs) are used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, metastatic breast and lung cancer, Paget’s disease, osteoporosis, hypercalcemia due to malignancy, and many other skeletal diseases. BSPs reduce osteoclastic functions, which result in bone resorption. Bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of jaws (BRONJ) is a newly developed term that is used to describe the significant complication in patients receiving bisphosphonates. BSPs are known to exhibit an anti-angiogenetic effect that initiates tissue necrosis of the hard tissue. There is currently no consensus on the correct approach to this issue. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the effects of laser surgery with biostimulation to conventional surgery in the treatment of BSP-induced avascular bone necrosis on 20 patients who have been treated in our clinic. BRONJ was evaluated in patients with lung, prostate, and breast cancer under intravenous BSP treatment. Twenty patients in this study developed mandibular or maxillary avascular necrosis after a minor tooth extraction surgery or spontaneously. Bone turnover rates were evaluated by serum terminal C-telopeptide levels (CTX) using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique and patients were treated with laser or conventional surgical treatments and medical therapy. Ten patients were treated with laser surgery and biostimulation. An Er:YAG laser (Fotona Fidelis Plus II(R) Combine laser equipment, Slovenia) very long pulse (VLP) mode (200 mJ, 20 Hz) using a fiber tip 1.3 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length was used to remove the necrotic and granulation tissues from the area of avascular necrosis. Biostimulation was applied postoperatively using an Nd:YAG laser. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was applied to the tissues for 1 min from 4 cm distance using an Nd:YAG laser (Fotona-Slovenia) with a R24 950-microm fiber handpiece long-pulse (LP) mode, 0.25-W, 10 Hz power/cm(2) from the mentioned distance the spot size was 0.4 cm(2), and power output was 2.5 J. Energy density from the mentioned distance was calculated to be 6.25 J/cm(2). The other ten patients were treated with conventional surgery. Treatment outcomes were noted as either complete healing or incomplete healing. There were no statistically significant differences between laser surgery and conventional surgery (p > 0.05). CTX values also did not affect the prognosis of the patients. Treatment outcomes were significantly better in patients with stage II osteonecrosis than in patients with stage I osteonecrosis. Our findings suggest that dental evaluation of the patients prior to medication is an important factor in the prevention of BRONJ. Laser surgery is a beneficial alternative in the treatment of patients with this situation. Further randomized studies with larger patient numbers may also improve our understanding of treatment protocols for this situation.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 2
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Viability of fibroblasts cultured under nutritional stress irradiated with red laser, infrared laser, and red light-emitting diode.
Volpato LE, de Oliveira RC, Espinosa MM, Bagnato VS, Machado MA
University of Cuiaba, Cuiaba School of Dentistry, Rua Estevao de Mendonca, 317 apto 501, Goiabeiras, Cuiaba, MT, 78065-480 BrazilUniversity of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Al. Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru, SP, 17012-901 BrazilFederal University of Mato Grosso, Department of Statistics, Avenida Fernando Corre^a, s/n[ordinal indicator, masculine] Coxipo, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900 BrazilUniversity of Sao Paulo, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, Av. Trabalhador Sao-Carlense, 400 Sao Carlos, SP, 13566-590 Brazil.
Phototherapy is noninvasive, painless and has no known side effect. However, for its incorporation into clinical practice, more well-designed studies are necessary to define optimal parameters for its application. The viability of fibroblasts cultured under nutritional stress irradiated with either a red laser, an infrared laser, or a red light-emitting diode (LED) was analyzed. Irradiation parameters were: red laser (660 nm, 40 mW, 1 W/cm(2)), infrared laser (780 nm, 40 mW, 1 W/cm(2)), and red LED (637 +/- 15 nm, 40 mW, 1 W/cm(2)). All applications were punctual and performed with a spot with 0.4 mm(2) of diameter for 4 or 8 s. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance of the general linear model (p </= 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. After 72 h, phototherapy with low-intensity laser and LED showed no toxicity at the cellular level. It even stimulated methylthiazol tetrazolium assay (MTT) conversion and neutral red uptake of fibroblasts cultured under nutritional stress, especially in the group irradiated with infrared laser (p = 0.004 for MTT conversion and p < 0.001 for neutral red uptake). Considering the parameters and protocol of phototherapy used, it can be concluded that phototherapy stimulated the viability of fibroblasts cultured under nutritional deficit resembling those found in traumatized tissue in which cell viability is reduced.
J Biomed Opt 2011 Jul 16(7) 075004
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Light-emitting diode.
Gold MH
Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Gold Skin Care Center, and Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn., USA.
Light-emitting diode (LED) photomodulation has become a recognized player in the world of lasers and light sources. It is used to treat a variety of clinical entities, including photorejuvenation, erythema-induced injury following laser and other cosmetic procedures, and acne vulgaris. Its use has increased and will increase further as our understanding of LED devices deepens.
Curr Probl Dermatol 2011 42 173-80
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Noninvasive Body Contouring with Radiofrequency, Ultrasound, Cryolipolysis, and Low-Level Laser Therapy.
Mulholland RS, Paul MD, Chalfoun C
Private Plastic Surgery Practice, SpaMedica(R) Clinics, 66 Avenue Road, Suite 4, Toronto, ON M5R 3N8, Canada.
Noninvasive body contouring is perhaps one of the most alluring areas of esthetic surgery today. This article discusses current noninvasive body-contouring modalities, including suction massage devices, radiofrequency energy, high-frequency focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and low-level light laser therapy devices. It also discusses imminent technologies awaiting approval by the Food and Drug Administration, reviews the basic science and clinical effects behind each of these existing and emerging technologies, addresses patient selection and clinical applications of each modality, and discusses the applicability and economics of providing noninvasive lipolysis services in office.
Clin Plast Surg 2011 Jul 38(3) 503-20
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Effect of low-level laser therapy after rapid maxillary expansion on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells.
da Silva AP, Petri AD, Crippa GE, Stuani AS, Stuani AS, Rosa AL, Stuani MB
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Othodontic, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe, s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoblastic activity of cells derived from the midpalatal suture upon treatment with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). A total of 30 rats were divided into two groups: experimental I (15 rats with RME without LLLT) and experimental II (15 rats with RME + LLLT). The rats were euthanized at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days after RME, when the osteoblastic cells derived from the rats’ midpalatal suture were explanted. These cells were cultured for periods up to 17 days, and then in vitro osteogenesis parameters and gene expression markers were evaluated. The cellular doubling time in the proliferative stage (3-7 days) was decreased in cultured cells harvested from the midpalatal suture at 24 and 48 h after RME + LLLT, as indicated by the increased growth of the cells in a culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity at days 7 and 14 of the culture was increased by LLLT in cells explanted from the midpalatal suture at 24 and 48 h and 7 days after RME. The mineralization at day 17 was increased by LLLT after RME in all periods. Results from the real-time PCR demonstrated that cells harvested from the LLLT after RME group showed higher levels of ALP, Runx2, osteocalcin, type I collagen, and bone sialoprotein mRNA than control cells. More pronounced effects on ALP activity, mineralization, and gene expression of bone markers were observed at 48 h after RME and LLLT. These results indicate that the LLLT applied after RME is able to increase the proliferation and the expression of an osteoblastic phenotype in cells derived from the midpalatal suture.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 13
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Functional and morphometric differences between the early and delayed use of phototherapy in crushed median nerves of rats.
Santos AP, Suaid CA, Xavier M, Yamane F
Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Campus JK – Rodovia MGT 367 – Km 583, n masculine 5000 – Alto da Jacuba CEP: 39100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, apsfisio@hotmail.com.
This study evaluated the functional and quantitative differences between the early and delayed use of phototherapy in crushed median nerves. After a crush injury, low-level laser therapy (GaAs) was applied transcutaneously at the injury site, 3 min daily, with a frequency of five treatments per week for 2 weeks. In the early group, the first laser treatment started immediately after surgery, and in the delayed group, after 7 days. The grasping test was used for functional evaluation of the median nerve, before, 10, and 21 days after surgery, when the rats were killed. Three segments of the median nerve were analyzed histomorphometrically by light microscopy and computer analysis. The following features were observed: myelinated fiber and axon diameters, myelin sheath area, g-ratio, density and number of myelinated fibers, and area and number of capillaries. In the proximal segment (site of crush), the nerves of animals submitted to early and delayed treatment showed myelinated fiber diameter and myelin sheath area significantly larger compared to the untreated group. In the distal segment, the myelin sheath area was significantly smaller in the untreated animals compared to the delayed group. The untreated, early, and delayed groups presented a 50, 57, and 81% degree of functional recovery, respectively, at 21 days after injury, with a significant difference between the untreated and delayed groups. The results suggest that the nerves irradiated with low-power laser exhibit myelinated fibers of greater diameter and a better recovery of function.
Lasers Med Sci 2011 Aug 11
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Comparison of the effects of low-level laser therapy and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the process of bone repair in the rat tibia.
Oliveira P, Sperandio E, Fernandes KR, Pastor FA, Nonaka KO, Renno AC
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil.
BACKGROUND: Electrophysical agents such as Ultrasound (US) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) have been increasingly used in physical therapy practice. Studies suggest that these devices are able to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osteogenesis at the fracture site, resulting in a greater deposition of bone mass and speeding up the consolidation process. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of US and LLLT on the bone healing process, through biomechanical and histological analysis of the bone callus. METHODS: A total of 30 rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group fracture without treatment (GC); fracture group treated with pulsed US, burst 1.5 MHz, 200us, 1KHz, 30 mW/cm(2) (GUS) and fracture group treated with laser 830nm, 100mW, 120J/cm(2) (GL). Bone defects were performed with a circular drill of 2mm in diameter in the animal’s tibias. The treatments were carried out after surgery consisting of 7 applications every 48 hours. After 14 days the animals were sacrificed and the tibias were removed to perform the analysis, being the right tibia designated for biomechanical analysis, while the left tibia for histological analysis. RESULTS: The biomechanical analysis showed no statistically significant difference between biomechanical properties of the CG, CL and GUS. In morphometric analysis, both GUS and GL showed a significantly higher woven bone tissue area compared to the control group. However, when the two treatment modalities were compared, there were no statistical differences between them. CONCLUSION: Both devices used in this study were able to accelerate the bone healing process in rats.
Rev Bras Fisioter 2011 Jun 15(3) 200-205
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Histomorphological and Angiogenic Analyzes of Skin Epithelium After Low Laser Irradiation in Hairless Mice.
Leao JC, Issa JP, Pitol DL, Rizzi EC, Dias FJ, Siessere S, Regalo SC, Iyomasa MM
Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry at Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
It is not well-understood how low-laser therapy affects the skin of the applied area. This study analyzes skin of the masseteric region of mice from the HRS/J strain after three different application regimens (three, six or ten applications per regimen) of low intensity laser at 20 J/cm(2) and 40 mW for 20 sec on alternate days. Three experimental groups according to the number of laser applications (three, six or ten) and three control groups (N = 5 animals for each group) were used. On the third day after the last irradiation, all animals were sacrificed and the skin was removed and processed to analyze the relative occupation of the test area by each epithelial layer and the aspects of neovascularization. Data were submitted to statistical analyzes. The irradiated groups compared to their respective controls at each period of time, showed no significant difference in relative occupation of the test area by the layers and epithelium areas for three and six applications, but for ten applications, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the basal and granulosum layers, and epithelium areas were found. From the comparisons of the three irradiated groups together, the group with six laser applications showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) in total epithelium and on the layers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGFR-2 immunoreactivities were similar for the control and irradiated groups. Results suggested a biostimulatory effect with low risks associated with superficial tissues, when the treatment aims the deeper layers after six applications. Anat Rec, 2011. (c) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011 Aug 1
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Low-level laser therapy, at 60 J/cm(2) associated with a Biosilicate((R)) increase in bone deposition and indentation biomechanical properties of callus in osteopenic rats.
Fangel R, Sergio Bossini P, Claudia Renno A, Araki Ribeiro D, Chenwei Wang C, Luri Toma R, Okino Nonaka K, Driusso P, Antonio Parizotto N, Oishi J
Federal University of Sao Carlos, Department of Physiotherapy, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo 13600-970 BrazilFederal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Bioscience, Av. Ana Costa, 95, Santos, Sao Paulo 11050240, BrazilFederal University of Sao Carlos, Department of Biology, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo 13600-970 BrazilFederal University of Sao Paulo, Department of Physiotherapy, Av. Ana Costa, 95, Santos, Sao Paulo 11050240, BrazilFederal University of Sao Carlos, Department of Statistics, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-2081, Brazil.
We investigate the effects of a novel bioactive material (Biosilicate((R))) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), at 60 J/cm(2), on bone-fracture consolidation in osteoporotic rats. Forty female Wistar rats are submitted to the ovariectomy, to induce osteopenia. Eight weeks after the ovariectomy, the animals are randomly divided into four groups, with 10 animals each: bone defect control group; bone defect filled with Biosilicate group; bone defect irradiated with laser at 60 J/cm(2) group; bone defect filled with Biosilicate and irradiated with LLLT, at 60 J/cm(2) group. Laser irradiation is initiated immediately after surgery and performed every 48 h for 14 days. Histopathological analysis points out that bone defects are predominantly filled with the biomaterial in specimens treated with Biosilicate. In the 60-J/cm(2) laser plus Biosilicate group, the biomaterial fills all bone defects, which also contained woven bone and granulation tissue. Also, the biomechanical properties are increased in the animals treated with Biosilicate associated to lasertherapy. Our results indicate that laser therapy improves bone repair process in contact with Biosilicate as a result of increasing bone formation as well as indentation biomechanical properties.
J Biomed Opt 2011 Jul 16(7) 078001
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Improvement of dermal burn healing by combining sodium alginate/chitosan-based films and low level laser therapy.
Dantas MD, Cavalcante DR, Araujo FE, Barretto SR, Aciole GT, Pinheiro AL, Ribeiro MA, Lima-Verde IB, Melo CM, Cardoso JC, Albuquerque RL Junior
Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolandia, CEP 49030-490, Aracaju/SE, Brazil.
This paper aimed to evaluate the improvement of burn wounds healing by sodium alginate/chitosan-based films and laser therapy. Natural polymers with different biological activities are widely used as film dressings to improve wound healing. Lasers arrays accelerate the healing repair of soft tissue injuries. Burn procedures were performed on the backs of 60 male rats assigned into six groups: untreated (CTR), dressed with cellulose films (CL), dressed with sodium alginate/chitosan-based films (SC), laser-irradiated undressed wounds (LT), laser-irradiated wounds with cellulose (CLLT) and sodium alginate/chitosan-based films (SCLT). Laser therapy was applied for 7days. Animals of each group were euthanised 8 and 14days after the burn procedures. The inflammatory reaction was significantly more intense in the CTR group than in the irradiated groups after 8 and 14days. Laser therapy stimulated myofibroblastic differentiation in 8days, with or without dressing films. Combined laser therapy and both dressings improved epithelisation, blood vessels formation and collagenization, promoted rapid replacement of type III for type I collagen and favored the better arrangement of the newly formed collagen fibres. The combination of laser therapy and sodium alginate/chitosan-based dressing improves burn healing, apparently by modulating the epithelisation, blood vessels formation and collagenization processes.
J Photochem Photobiol B 2011 Jul 6
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Principles and practice of cutaneous laser and light therapy.
Nelson AA, Lask GP <p>Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; South End Dermatology & Skin Care, 321 Columbus Avenue, Suite 2R, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
Laser technology has evolved rapidly in the last 2 decades. The theory of selective photothermolysis guides the proper selection and use of lasers to safely and effectively treat patients. This review summarizes the basic concepts and adjustable parameters for laser devices, emphasizing the importance of selective photothermolysis in clinical practice. It then covers the clinical applications of laser devices, including vascular lesions, hair removal, tattoo removal, facial rejuvenation, and fractional resurfacing. The authors intend to make the reader feel comfortable with the proper selection and application of lasers to treat their patients.
Clin Plast Surg 2011 Jul 38(3) 427-36
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Combined Magnetic and Pulsed Laser Fields Produce Synergistic Acceleration of Cellular Electron Transfer
H. Friedmann, A. Lipovsky, Y. Nitzan and R. Lubart
1) Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Bar-Ilan University_2) The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University
Abstract_We have studied the acceleration of cellular electron transfer by the combined magnetic and pulsed laser field at high peak power, but very low average intensity. To monitor the acceleration of electron transfer, the reduction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) was followed using the EPR technique. It was shown that the electromagnetic field alone, or the magnetic field alone, produced no reduction of the TEMPO EPR signal. Only a combination between a laser of very low average intensity, but high peak power and a low-intensity magnetic field, reduced the TEMPO signal. The experiment was performed in a medium containing 107 Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria per cc. It was verified that at high average intensity the obtained reduction of the TEMPO by electromagnetic radiation was unaffected by the addition of a magnetic field. A possible mechanism underlying the photo-magnetic synergy is proposed._
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18, No. 3, p.137-141 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/3/18_137/_article
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A Prospective Study Of The Influence That Topical Steroid Exerts In Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) For The Treatment Of Hypertrophic Scars And Keloids.
K Sasaki, T Ohshiro, T Ohshiro and Y Taniguchi
1) Keikoukai Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_The application of Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids has been already reported and investigated. According to these reports, LLLT for hypertrophic scars and keloids was accepted very quickly into routine practice. In this prospective study, we assessed LLLT for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids and examined the influence of a topical steroid. Subjects comprised 20 patients who were treated for hypertrophic scars and keloids, 9 patients treated with LLLT but no topical steroid and 11 patients treated with LLLT plus a topical steroid. Clinical photography of the lesions was performed, and 5 items were assessed for each lesion, namely Itching, Pain, Erythema, Hardness and Pliability on an 11-point scale for each value. The actual measurement values in mm and cm2 of 2 items (Thickness and size) were used. Each treatment session consisted of direct local application of an 830nm, 60mW, continuous wave, GaAlAs diode laser (Oh-lase 3D1, JMLL Tokyo Japan) to the target area for 30 seconds to 2 minutes per lesion depending on the size and number of lesions existing on each patient. The attending clinician firmly pinched the lesion between fingers and thumb during laser therapy. In both groups, a significant difference (p<0.01) between pretreatment and the 5th or 10th treatment session was recognized in the Erythema, Hardness and Pliability items. In the Itching and Thickness items, a significant difference (p<0.05) between pretreatment and the 5th or 10th treatment session was also recognized. There were no statistically significant differences between the group with no topical steroid and the group with topical steroid in most of the items, but the topical steroid group achieved better improvement in the Erythema and Hardness items after 10th treatment session, compared to the group with no topical steroid.
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18, No. 3, p.151-159 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/3/18_151/_article
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Combination Therapy Comprising Low Level Laser Therapy (Lllt) And Brace Therapy For Chronic Lower Back Pain Patients
Ikuko Ohkuni, Nobuyuki Ushigome, Takashi Harada, Toshio Oshiro, Yoshiro Musya, Kazuhiro Mizutani, Hiroshi Takahashi, Toru Suguro and Kazuaki Tsuchiya
1) Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Hospital_4) Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University
Abstract_Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in combination with a sacroiliac brace was used on 33 patients with chronic lower back pain to examine the effectiveness of this combination therapy A semiconductor laser (1000 mW, CW, 830 nm) was used. Due to the short duration effect of LLLT previously reported, we tested the effect of combination therapy using LLLT and a sacroiliac brace. Our results showed that the number of patients who had lower back pain in their activities of daily living (ADL) or work decreased, and this combination therapy improved both their ADL and quality of life (QOL). Chronic lower back pain patients who had just started visiting our hospital obtained satisfactory results with LLLT but the latency period was short. In order to maintain the effects of LLLT, we controlled the patients’ posture with a sacroiliac brace, which was able to prevent chronic pain for a longer period. The combination treatment was well-tolerated, side-effect free and offered good efficacy in improving both pain and range of motion of the lumbar spine.
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18, No. 4, p.187-192 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/4/18_187/_article
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Low Energy Ipl Therapy For The Management Of Recalcitrant Postherpetic Neuralgia
Sherif S. Awad and Wael Hosam El-Din
1) Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University
Abstract_Herpes zoster is a common health problem particularly for the elderly. The pain persisting after the zosteriform lesions have resolved is termed post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and is considered a very common and extremely painful, debilitating complication. There are several approaches available to manage PHN, yet persistence of the pain is a very common vexing problem. Light therapy and in particular low-level laser/light therapy (LLLT) is increasingly applied nowadays. It has been suggested that LLLT is possibly beneficial in the management of many different medical conditions, including pain, wound healing and nerve injury. The present study evaluates the application of low incident energy intense pulsed light (IPL) as a possible photobiomodulative approach that can enhance healing and bring relief pain in recalcitrant cases of PHN in elderly patients.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 1, p.23-28
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/1/17_23/_article
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Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) For The Treatment Of Hypertrophic Scars And Keloids. A Re-Introduction
Shunji Fujii, Toshio Ohshiro, Takafumi Ohshiro, Katsumi Sasaki and Yuki Taniguchi
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Low reactive Level Therapy ( LLLT ) is now well into its 30th decade, and its beneficial effects such as pain attenuation, accelerated or enhanced wound healing have been very well reported and investigated. For clinics such as ours which utilizes LLLT for medical treatments, LLLT for hypertrophic scars and keloids very quickly became, and remains, routine. We believed that many facilities and institutions have also been using LLLT for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, but to our surprise there were very few medical facilities using LLLT and practically none for the treatment of scars. Recently, starting in the 1990’s, there have been several reports where High reactive Laser Treatment (HLLT ) has been used in an attempt to treat hypertrophic scars and keloids. However no literature concerning LLLT for these lesions appears in MedLine, even though the treatment is safe and effective with no side effects and complications when compared to HLLT. The authors herein re-introduce the technique and protocol of LLLT which they have used for the past twenty years for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. We present a series of representative cases and discuss the most efficient treatment modality in combination with conventional treatment methods.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 1, p.35-43 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/1/17_35/_article
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A New Approach To Ulcer Treatment Using Broadband Visible Light
Rachel Lubart, Zvi Landau, Julia Jacobi and Harry Friedmann
1) Bar-Ilan University_2) Kaplan Hospital_3) SALT- Swiss Association Laser Therapy
Abstract_Conventional therapy-resistant chronic ulcers have been treated recently with low energy lasers or light emitting diodes in the visible and near IR region. In the present work, we studied ulcer healing using broadband (400-800 nm) visible light. Twenty patients suffering from diabetic and venous ulcers were irradiated with broadband (400-800 nm, 40 mW/cm2) visible light. Each ulcer was irradiated for 5 minutes three times a day. Success was defined as the complete healing of the ulcer. A complete cure was observed in 70% of the patients. The duration of the therapy was 8-12 weeks. The new broadband visible light source seems to have a strong effect on the complete healing of ulcers.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 1, p.7-10 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/1/16_7/_article
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Low Reactive Laser Therapy For Facial Paralysis
Takafumi Ohshiro, Toshio Ohshiro, Katsumi Sasaki, Shunji Fujii and Yuki Taniguchi
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Facial nerve palsy is one of the most common diseases in head and neck lesions, and affected patients suffer from facial disfigurement and dysfunction. Since 1980, we have been applying low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) for patients with facial paralysis. We report herein on the results of a retrospective study concerning those patients in whom LLLT has been applied for peripheral facial paralysis. Seventy-four patients (42 male and 32 female) received LLLT for various entities of facial paralysis over the past 28 years, and included 50 cases with idiopathic facial paralysis, 9 cases with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, 8 cases of facial and neck tumor, and 7 cases of facial trauma._The overall total improvement rate was 71.4%. No adverse effects were reported in the patients received LLLT for facial paralysis. Among the 4 diagnostic groups, there was no difference in the mean improvement rate. In all patients whose treatment was given within one month of onset was obtained a complete recovery within 4 months. The longer was the period between onset to starting the treatment, the longer was the required therapeutic period. LLLT was effective for facial paralysis in both the acute and chronic phase. LLLT was particularly effective for the acute phase patients whose onset before treatment was 1 month or less. During the period of between 2 months and 6 months from onset, when the injured nerve had the possibility of recovery, LLLT should be performed. In the chronic phase, during the period of over 6 months from onset, LLLT can improve the synkinesis and contracture of the facial muscle. This study is the first report about LLLT for a wide variety of facial paresis. It is not a randomized control study, however, and further study is warranted in order to assess both the efficacy and possible LLLT mechanisms in detail.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 3, p.129-133 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/3/17_129/_article
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One Mechanism Behind Led Phototherapy For Wound Healing And Skin Rejuvenation: Key Role Of The Mast Cell
R Glen Calderhead, Junichiro Kubota, Mario A Trelles and Toshio Ohshiro
1) Japan Phototherapy Laboratory_2) Kubota Junichiro Clinic_3) Instituto Médico Vilafortuny_4) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted a lot of attention in light-only skin rejuvenation and wound healing with an 830 nm/633 nm combination, but the mechanisms by which LED therapy speeds up the healing process and increases collagen synthesis remain unclear. One hypothesis, ex-amined in the present study, concerns the interaction between 830 nm near infrared light and the degranulation of dermal mast cells. The left forearm of 8 healthy male subjects was irradiated with an 830 nm LED array (20 min, 57 J/cm2) with the right as the unirradiated control. Biopsies were taken before and two days after irradiation and routinely prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and compared between baseline, irradiated and unirradiated tissue. The TEM in all postirradiated specimens, while clearly showing no damage to the irradiated tissue with all tissue components essentially morphologically normal, demonstrated a mild inflammatory response 48 hr after 830 nm irradiation with interstitial and perivascular oedema. A number of macrophages and leukocytes had been recruited into the irradiated tissue, and mast cells had increased in number and had either degranulated or were in the process of doing so. The unirradiated control tissue showed no such changes. The TEM findings in the present study showed a clearly-visible inflammatory response similar to the first phase of wound healing, a ‘quasi-wound’, but created athermally and atraumatically following a single treatment with 830 nm light, thereby kick-starting the inflammatory stage of the wound healing process which is recognized as absolutely necessary in achieving good subsequent collagen synthesis in the second phase of proliferation, followed by good remodeling in the third phase. Good results in skin rejuvenation, both ablative and non-ablative, have been well-linked to establishing the wound healing process. The 830 nm-mediated ‘quasi-wound’ may well be an essential element in light-only LED photorejuvenation._Furthermore, the action of 830 nm on the inflammatory cells in actual wounds will significantly accelerate the wound healing process, controlling and peaking inflammation, and allowing proliferation to occur sooner and more efficiently.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 3, p.141-148 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/3/17_141/_article
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The Treatment Of Dizziness And Vertigo With Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT): A Case Report And A Historical Review Of Patients Presenting At The Ohshiro Clinic
Shunji Fujii, Toshio Ohshiro, Takafumi Ohshiro, Katsumi Sasaki and Yuki Taniguchi
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Dizziness is a fairly common ailment. Symptoms among patients range from slight occasional discomfort to complete debilitation due to nausea and vomiting and deterioration of the affected patient’s activities of daily living (ADL). Treatment of dizziness varies according to its etiology, but is mostly pharmacological. The authors present a case where Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) applied in the Proximal Priority Technique (PPT) was effective in controlling dizziness in a patient suffering from severe spells which occurred several times a week and which caused nausea and vomiting. The authors also retrospectively examine patient records in the Ohshiro Clinic. A total of 11 patients, including the patient in the present case report, report, have been treated for some form of dizziness, and the efficacy of LLLT for the treatment of dizziness is discussed.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 3, p.149-154 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/3/17_149/_article
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New Therapeutical Effects Of Low Level Lasers And Clinical Application In Dental And Oral Surgery
Akinori Nagasawa1) and Kazuichi Kato2)
1) Retired Metropolitan Hiroo General Hospital_2) Shibaura Institute of Technology
Abstract_The mW level low power lasers, GaAlAs diode lasers, He-Ne laser and argon dye laser have been applied to the author’s clinical and experimental studies. As the results, the following interesting effects have been newly found in addition to previously recognized effects such as anti inflammation effect, wound healing activation effect, analgesic effect:_1) The unique effects in the diode laser: (1) Depigmentation effect on melanous nevi of a mucosa,(2) Therapeutic effect for trismus in TMJ troubles and (3) Improvement the salivation function in its restricted disease of Sjogren’s syndrome._2) The unique effect in He-Ne laser:Therapeutic effect of the vasculargenous red colored lesions._3) Common effect to the diode laser and He-Ne laser:Bone repaire activation effect._4) Effect of argon dye laser:Reactive secondary dentin formation effect under the premedication of HpD. The effect under 1)?3) have been successfully applied in the author’s clinic
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 1, p.39-45
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/1/16_39/_article
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Application of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for Reduction of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip
Yoshimi Asagai1), Kengo Yamamoto2) and Toshio Ohshiro3)
1) Shinano Handicapped Children’s Hospital_2) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University_3) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Low-level laser irradiation was given to the area surrounding the hip joint in 113 cases with congenital dislocation of the hip (27 with luxation, 86 with subluxation), in order to eliminate soft tissue strain around the hip joint during reduction of the dislocation. the patients were all infants below 6 months of age at presentation. Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip consisted of functional treatment using a Pavlik harness in 107 cases, re-wearing of the harness after horizontal traction in 2 cases, and abduction traction in 4 cases._Low-level laser therapy was effective for eliminating soft tissue strain around the hip joint, proving to be useful as a physical therapy procedure prior to the use of the harness. Following laser irradiation, the femoral head could be readily elevated, even during horizontal traction._Thanks to the use of low-level laser, which was introduced in 1993, reduction could be conservatively attained in all the patients and no avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurred in any of the cases._It is important to make the best attempt to achieve reduction by conservative methods in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. As low-level laser irradiation is nonstimulating, noninvasive, and easy to deliver, and has no adverse effects, it is useful as physical therapy for eliminating soft tissue strain around the hip joint before and after reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 2, p.75-79
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/2/16_75/_article
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GaAlAs (830 nm) Low Level Laser Therapy of Acute Inflammation Induced By High Reactive Level Laser Treatment
Yuki Taniguchi1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Katsumi Sasaki1) and Shunji Fujii1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Various biological effects including anti-inflammatory response following low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) have been described in different studies. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of LLLT using 60 mW GaAlAs (830 nm) laser on damaged tissue induced by high reactive level laser treatment (HLLT). Two acquired pigmented nevi of a single person’s face were treated with high reactive level lasers (Ultra Pulse CO2 laser and Q-switched Alexandrite laser). After high reactive level lasers irradiation, one acquired pigmented nevus was exposed to 60 mW GaAlAs laser irradiation, whereas the other nevus was not irradiated and served as control. Both nevi were evaluated with digital photographs, thermography and a questionnaire survey. Compared to the nonirradiated control nevus, LLLT decreased the rubor and calor of the acute inflammation caused by HLLT. LLLT immediately after HLLT (Xenogeneous combined laser treatment) seems to be useful to control acute inflammation caused by HLLT.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 2, p.81-85 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/2/16_81/_article
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New Integrative Treatment Method of Osteoporosis with A Laser-Magnetic And Microwave Treatment System And Application of Systematic And Etiopathobenic Principles.
Yuriy Kulykovych1)
1) Clinic of Doctor Kulykovych
Abstract_We present herein the combined effect of our specially designed laser, magnetic and microwave therapeutic influence on the physiology of the osteoporosis patient. of our age of improved average life expectancy, even some partial cure of osteoporosis remains as a pressing issue, particularly in the light of the growing number of osteoporosis related fractures with still more rapidly growing costs of treatment which is usually accompanied with no less harmful side effects leading to deterioration in the affected patient’s general quality of life (QOL). the author analyzed 180 cases of osteoporosis patients undergoing treatment in the Clinic from 1999 till 2006. We used bone densitometry data obtained by Dual-Energy-X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) as the treatment effectiveness criteria. Without any additional medication, we applied various laser, magnetic and microwave influences to treat the disease. the diagnostics and treatment methodology, developed by the author, is based on the principle of treating the whole body as a system and the organic etiopathogenesis of the specific disease, osteoporosis, in particular. the results of the osteodensitometry have been analyzed in terms of the type of osteoporosis, sex, time of treatment, stage of osteoporosis, and the type of bone tissue. Therapy for osteoporosis in our Clinic leads to a significant increase in bone mineral density (BMD) for all types of osteoporosis, with a substantial increase in the bone mass within a period about six months after the completion of the treatment. the bone-mass increase correlated with the positive dynamics of the bone metabolism markers, namely cross-laps and osteocalcin. Analgesic effects were analyzed according to two scales: the verbal ranking scale and the visual analog scale (VAS). Pain intensity decreased by 75%. None of our patients developed any fresh fractures during the course of 5 years subsequent to the treatment. the combination of the therapeutic strategies and the system itself allows the Clinic provide the best possible medical care for osteoporotic patients, by increasing the bone mass and BMD, reducing the pain syndrome, and substantially reducing the chances of fractures, thus improving the QOL and life expectancy of the osteoporosis patient.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 2, p.87-96 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/2/16_87/_article
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Assessment of Changes of Carotid Blood Flow Following LLLT of the Neck
Yoshimi Asagai1), Tavalida Sujaritpong2), Ly Tranvan3) and Toshio Ohshiro4)
1) Shinano Handicapped Children’s Hospital_2) Institute of Modern Medicine, Department of Laser Dermatology and LLLT_3) HaNoi rehabilitation center “the Thanh Xuan Peace Village”_4) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_There are several reports on improvement of blood flow following LLLT, and reports on actual vessel dilatation and blood flow enhancement has been observed in animal models. However there are no reports on changes in blood flow observed in human subjects using a non-invasive method for any duration of time. of this study, we used non-invasive Doppler color flow imaging to observe changes in the blood flow of the common carotid artery following laser irradiation to the lateral neck region. Laser output- and dose-dependent differences in the blood flow were observed, but there was also an increase in the diameter and cross-sectional area of vessels. Increased blood flow was noted in the common carotid artery of both the irradiated and unirradiated side, which lasted for over 1 hour after laser irradiation. the maximum increase in the crosssectional area, vessel diameter and the blood flow on the irradiated side were 69%, 31% and 63% respectively. On the unirradiated side the maximum increase of the cross-sectional area, vessel diameter and blood flow were 52%, 21% and 71% respectively. There were no changes observed in the maximum, minimum or average blood flow velocity of either the irradiated or unirradiated side.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.127-132
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_127/_article
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Proximal Priority Treatment Using the Neck Irradiator for Adjunctive Treatment of Female Infertility
Shunji Fujii1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Katsumi Sasaki1) and Yuki Taniguchi1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Recently in Japan, the trend towards females marrying later in life than before has increased the average age of women bearing children for the first time. the number of children being born in Japan has steadily decreased for the 26th straight year and has become a grave socio-economical concern for the future. Artificial reproductive technology (ART) has shown advances in the past two decades, however there are no new solutions to the old problem of age. the authors have previously reported the efficacy of low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) for the adjunctive treatment of refractory female infertility and will report a new method of LLLT, incorporating the Proximal Priority Treatment (PPT) with the use of novel device named the Neck Irradiator. A retrospective survey of patients receiving PPT with the Neck Irradiator showed that approximately 10% of the patients became pregnant with this treatment. the authors compare and contrast this new treatment with previous treatment modalities and will discuss LLLT for the treatment of female infertility.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.133-136 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_133/_article
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Clinical Experience with 630 Nm Lightemitting Diode (Led) Photomodulation for Sun-Induced Aging Or Environmentally Damaged Skin
Yuki Taniguchi1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Katsumi Sasaki1) and Shunji Fujii1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Photomodulation is an athermal process that manipulates or regulates cell activity using light energy. Previous studies of a specific sequence or coded pulsed 590 nm LED photomodulation have shown the improvement of wrinkle, roughness, pigmentation, and erythema. the purpose of this study was to investigate the antiageing effects of continuous 630 nm red light LED for Japanese subjects, in their 20’s to 50’s. Pre- and post-treatment clinical photographs were taken using the Canfield imaging systems (VISIA II™), which simultaneously counted the characteristic numbers of wrinkles, roughness, hair follicles and pigmentation. the erythema level was also assessed before and after treatment using the Mexameter® (MX18, CK corp.). Two independent observers assessed the photographs and the data. Results showed the improvement of signs of sun-induced aging or environmental damaged skin. No side effects were noted. LED photomodulation is a safe and effective, pain-free and non-ablative modality for improvement of sun-induced aging or environmentally damaged skin in Asians.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.137-141
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_137/_article
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Combination Treatment of Acne Vulgaris with 630 Nm Light Emitting Diode Therapy
Takafumi Ohshiro1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Katsumi Sasaki1), Shunji Fujii1) and Yuki Taniguchi1)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in adolescence. Various treatment methods, such as topical/oral antibiotics, topical retinoids, chemical peels and phototherapy, have been reported with various success rates. Recently the resistance to antibiotics necessitates the physician to seek novel treatment modalities. Since 2005, we have applied a 630 nm light emitting diode (LED)-based device for acne in addition to conventional treatments. the conventional treatments, consisting of CO2 laser irradiation, dye laser irradiation, topical retinoids and topical/oral antibiotics, were performed for infectious lesions, and LED therapy was concomitantly performed once a week. Within 3 months, severe symptoms were improved and well controlled in all cases. the 630 nm LED irradiation seems to be an optional treatment in controlling the various grades of acne vulgaris.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.143-149 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_143/_article
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Low Reactive-Level Laser Therapy Improved Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Taro Koyama1) and Toshio Ohshiro2)
1) Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Systemic sclerosis (SSC) is sometimes associated with the appearance of Raynaud’s disease due to diffuse vasculopathy associated with SSC. Low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported in the past to have beneficial effects in various vasculopathies, including Buerger’s and Raynaud’s diseases. the authors surmised that LLLT might therefore be of some assistance in the treatment of the Raynaud’s component of SSC. A 30-yr old male patient with SSC was treated with a combination of bosentan and LLLT (GaAlAs diode laser, 60 mW, continuous wave, incident power density 3 W/cm2) in 35 treatment sessions over 24 weeks. After the final treatment session, both skin tightness and Raynaud’s phenomenon had improved, whereas no progression was seen in the pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary function did not get any worse. the results suggest that bosentan with complementary LLLT was effective for not only improving the dermal blood circulation but also preventing progression of the overall disease status in this case.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 3, p.151-157
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/3/16_151/_article
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the Possibility of the Application of Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy of the Field of Ophthalmology
Toshio Ohshiro1), Takafumi Ohshiro2), Katsumi Sasaki2), Shunji Fujii2), Yuki Taniguchi2), Masaru Yoshida3), Kiyofumi Takenouchi1) and Mitsuaki Kohzuma1)
1) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_2) Ohshiro Clinic_3) Shinwa Excel Co., Ltd.
Abstract_the authors have over 30 years experience of treatment with lasers, more than 25 of which have been with low reactive-level laser therapy. (LLLT) Based on our experience, we have continuously attempted to develop new treatments and broaden the clinical application of lasers. Many patients receiving LLLT for an entity other than sight problems have spontaneously described a sense of increased visual acuity following their treatment, and the present study was designed to see if there was in fact, any effect of LLLT on vision. Six healthy adult subjects aged 56?68 years old, were treated with LLLT according to the proximal priority theory (PPT). the subjects’ close range, far range visual acuity and astigmatism were examined prior to, one hour after and 24 hours after LLLT. the laser hardware used in this experiment was the OhLase HT2001 (Japan Medical Laser Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan) and the Screenoscope (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). A high rate of improvement was seen for both close range and far range visual acuity but a particularly noteworthy improvement rate of 91.7% was seen at examination for far sightedness immediately after LLLT. LLLT in the field of ophthalmology is promising and further controlled studies carried out by ophthalmologic specialists in larger patient groups may yield new indications for LLLT in this field.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.189-197 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_189/_article
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Low Level Laser Therapy of the Treatment of Periodontal Disease
Dana Vieru1)2), Martha Cortez3), Luis Clayman4) and Anca Silvia Dumitriu1)
1) Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila Medical and Pharmaceutical University_2) New York School for Medical and Dental Assistants_3) Private Practice, 120 Central South Park, NY, & President, New York Chapter of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry_4) Luis Clayman, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Michigan State University
Abstract_the general objective of this study was to demonstrate that the application of low level laser therapy (LLLT), in addition to standard procedures employed to treat periodontal disease, improves the outcome of the treatment. Periodontal disease is an infectious process that is the leading cause of tooth loss and attacks the structures of the periodontium (the ligaments around the teeth), the gingivae, epithelial attachment, cementum that cover the root of the tooth, and the alveolar bone that supports the tooth. Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for periodontal disease. Diabetic individuals are three times more likely to have attachment and bone loss than non-diabetic patients. Furthermore, osteoporosis is always associated with alveolar bone loss. Women with osteoporosis have increased alveolar bone retraction, attachment loss, and tooth loss compared with women without osteoporosis. Estrogen deficiency has been linked to decreases in alveolar bone. There is evidence that LLLT has an anti-bacterial effect, acts as anti-inflammatory agent, and stimulates collagen and bone growth. Over the last decade, much progress has been made in elucidating the underlying principles. Approximately half of the diabetic patients and half of the patients with osteoporosis received LLLT in addition to the classical treatment. of this study we searched for the effects of LLLT on advance chronic periodontal diseases that had caused severe destruction of the periodontal structures, i.e., clinical attachment loss over 5 mm. increased bone loss, increased pocket depth (usually 5 mm or grater) and increased tooth mobility. for all four groups [(1) diabetic patients treated with LLLT; (2) diabetic patients without LLLT; (3) osteoporotic patients treated with LLLT; and (4) osteoporotic patients without LLLT) we determined the mean and standard deviations of the following parameters: gingival bleeding time, pain relief time, bone recovery time, inflammation, complete healing. the LLLT-treated groups were superior to the non-treated control groups in both the diabetic and osteoporotic patients General social benefits are the development of a novel LLLT modality for treatment of periodontal disease, which allows for early noninvasive treatment of periodontal infection. LLLT technology promises to become even more cost effective and may reduce the cost of patient care.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.199-206
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_199/_article
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Significance of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) On Acetabular Formation And Femoral Head Growth of Patients with Congenital Dislocation of the Hip
Yoshimi Asagai1), Kengo Yamamoto2) and Toshio Ohshiro3)
1) Shinano Handicapped Children’s Hospital_2) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University_3) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
Abstract_Congenital dislocation of the hip is a problematic condition to treat, and if not treated, or treated incorrectly, mobility for the affected infant can be severely compromised. This study involved 66 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip (infants within 6 months of birth) treated at our center (mean age upon first examination: 3 months), including 30 patients who underwent low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT) and 36 who did not. the 30 patients who received LLLT did so in combination treatment with a Pavlik harness or traction therapy for a mean period of 3 months (3 sessions of LLLT irradiation per week). the time course of changes in the acetabular angle, the central edge (CE) angle and the ossific nucleus of the femoral head were compared between patients in the group that received LLLT and those that did not. LLLT combined with conventional treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip resulted in less tension in the soft tissue around the hip joint, more natural reduction of dislocations with the Pavlik harness or traction, and a reduction in the size of interpositions within the hip joint as well as improved centripetalism, thus contributing to prevention of the onset of femoral head necrosis. of addition, LLLT favorably affected the formation of the hip acetabulum as well as growth of the femoral head. This is probably because the improved centripetalism combined with LLLT bioactivation of osteoblasts facilitated acetabular repair, leading to the prevention of coxa magna. When administered to patients with congenital dislocation of the hip, LLLT was pain-free, stress-free and easy to apply. No adverse reactions were recorded in any of the 30 patients in the present study. If LLLT is applied in combination with other means of therapy in the early stages of treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip, it is likely to enable patients to avoid additional corrective surgery (open reduction of dislocations, pelvic osteotomy, femoral neck osteotomy, and so on) as well as prevent the onset of pursuant diseases and conditions, such as femoral head necrosis. LLLT is thus a promising new means of treatment for congenital dislocation of the hip.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.207-214 .
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Treatment with 10 Watt Semiconductor Pulse Laser Device
Ikuko Ohkuni1), Takashi Harada1), Nobuyuki Ushigome1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Yoshiro Musya3), Kazuhiro Mizutani3), Yu Maruyama4), Toru Suguro5) and Kazuaki Tsuchiya5)
1) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Department of Second Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University_4) Department of Plastic Surgery, Toho University_5) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University
We reported the significant treatment effects of a 10 Watt Semiconductor Pulse Laser Device in 5 cases. When we treat patients with chronic pain, Patient Based Medicine is the most important. We partially quoted from Narrative Based Medicine (NBM) that Richard, Greenhalgh, and Hurwitz advocated.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.215-218 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_215/_article
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LLLT for Interstitial Cystitis Using An 830 Nm Gaalas Diode Laser
Katsumi Sasaki1), Toshio Ohshiro2), Takafumi Ohshiro1), Shunji Fujii1), Yuki Taniguchi1) and Toshihide Shishido3)
1) Ohshiro Clinic_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine
Abstract_Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder wall, characterized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, and frequency. Its etiology is unknown. IC remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Although there are no uniformly effective therapies, many treatment options are currently available. We present an IC patient who successfully underwent LLLT using an 830 nm GaAlAs diode laser. After 40 LLLT treatment sessions, the interstitial symptom index total score which was previously 19 decreased to 8 and the interstitial problem index total score which was previous 15 decreased to 6. Symptoms of severe bladder irritation and pelvic pain, urinary urgency and frequency improved almost completely for an extended period.
LASER THERAPY. 2007, Vol. 16, No. 4, p.219-223
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/16/4/16_219/_article
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the Effectiveness of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for Shoulder Periarthritis
Yoshiro Musha1), Takao Kaneko1), Toshio Shigemitsu1), Ikuko Okuni2), Nobuyuki Ushigome2), Takashi Harada2), Toshio Ohshiro3) and Kazuhiro Mizutani1)
1) Department of Second Orthopedic Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine_2) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine_3) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory
the effectiveness of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for pain relief and improved range of motion (ROM) in shoulder periarthritis was investigated, and serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured to evaluate the underlying mechanism of LLLT action. This study included 40 women with a mean age of 62.7 years and mean symptom duration of 2.8 months. LLLT was effective in 32 patients (80%). of the “effective” treatment group, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, range of abduction, flexion, and internal rotation, and serum PGE2 levels improved significantly. A correlation was observed between improvement in each ROM and VAS scores, and both were useful as indices of symptom improvement and treatment efficacy. PGE2 also decreased significantly after laser therapy and played a role in pain symptoms, but there was no correlation with improvement in the ROM or VAS scores. Thus, serum PGE2 levels did not reflect the degree of shoulder function or pain. of the “ineffective” treatment group, no improvement, no correlation between ROM and VAS scores, and no change in serum PGE2 levels after laser therapy were observed. This seems to represent a special group.
LASER THERAPY. 2009, Vol. 18,
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/18/1/18_39/_article
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the Effect of Gaalas Diode Laser On Pre-Sports Warming Up And Post-Sports Cooling Down
Yasushi Ishide, Toshio Ohshiro, Fumio Ueda, Mitsuyoshi Murayama, Takafumi Ohshiro, Shunji Fujii, Kiyofumi Takenouchi and Mitsuaki Kohzuma
1) Keio University Institute of Physical Education_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Ohshiro Clinic
Abstract_Low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) involving low incident levels of laser light, is known for its normalizing effect on abnormalities of living bodies. A joint study by Keio University Institute of Physical Education Japan Medical Laser Laboratory and the Ohshiro Clinic was conducted to investigate the application of the GaAlAs diode laser in the field of sports medicine during pre-training or pre-competition warm up and post-training cooling down. the ‘Sit and Reach’ test, blood oxygenation and pulse rates were measured in 17 athletes, 15 males and 2 females, before laser irradiation (A), after the first laser irradiation (B), after physical exertion (C) and after a second laser irradiation (D). the Oh-Lase HT 2001 semi-conductor laser was applied to the neck while the subject adopted a sitting position on the floor with the legs stretched forward. the subjects were requested to stretch (toe-touch) as far as possible followed by another 8 seconds of laser irradiation while the subjects were stretched and were measured for maximum stretching distance. the procedure was repeated. When statistical significance was evaluated there were significant changes between A and B, A and C, A and D, B and D, and C and D in the performance of the Sit and Reach Test, whereas significant differences in heart rate were seen between A and C, B and C, B and D, and C and D, and significant differences between A and B, A and D, B and C, and C and D in the blood oxygen saturation level. the results where significant differences between A and B, and C and D imply that the use of the GaAlAs laser during warm up and cool down is beneficial.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 2, p.69-74 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/2/17_69/_article
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Versus Laser Therapy On the Acceleration of Venous Leg Ulcer Healing
Emad T. Ahmad
1) Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University
Abstract_the purpose of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT) or laser therapy in the acceleration of chronic venous ulcer healing. Thirty hospital inpatients with venous ulcers participated in this study for a treatment period of five weeks. They were divided randomly and equally into three groups (2 treatment groups and one control group). Patients in group (1) (HBOT group) received two 90 minutes treatments daily with 2 to3 L of humidified oxygen / minute at 22 mmHg. On the other hand, patients in group (2) (laser therapy group) received 1 J/cm2 infrared laser (Ga As), three times weekly. Patients in group (3) (control group) received standard wound care only. Wound surface area (WSA) and wound volume (WV) were used to measure the outcomes before starting the study and after the 3rd and 5th weeks posttreatment. It was found that, at the 5th week post-treatment there was a significant reduction in both WSA and WV in both the HBOT group and the laser therapy group when compared to the control group (P<0.0001), also there was a significant reduction in WSA and WV in the laser therapy group at the 5th week post-treatment when compared to the HBOT group (P<0.001). the findings strongly suggest that the application of infrared laser therapy at a dose of 1J/cm2, three times/week is more effective than the application of HBOT daily in the management of chronic venous ulcers.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 2, p.75-81 .
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/2/17_75/_article
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Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) On Spasticity Caused By Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVAS)
Nobuyuki Ushigome, Takashi Harada, Ikuko Okuni, Toshio Ohshiro, Yoshiro Musya, Kazuhiro Mizutani, Yu Maruyama, Toru Suguro and Kazuaki Tsuchiya
1) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine_2) Japan Medical Laser Laboratory_3) Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Toho University School of Medicine_4) Department of Plastic Surgery, Toho University School of Medicine
Abstract_Spasticity following cerebral vascular accidents (CVAs) is a common occurrence, but remains a problematic entity to treat and interferes with mobility and self-care activities which are critical for successful rehabilitative outcomes. Low reactive-level laser therapy (LLLT) has attracted attention in a number of areas including spasticity associated with cerebral palsy. of the case of post CVA therapy, LLLT has been reported for pain treatment, but not spasticity. the present study examined the efficacy of LLLT in attenuating triceps surae muscle spasticity in CVA patients. the study subjects comprised 15 chronic CVA patients with spasticity, treated at our university hospital between 2002 and 2006. the LLLT device we used was a near infrared (830 nm) semiconductor laser device delivering 1 W in continuous wave (irradiance, 670 mW/cm2) . the laser probe was applied with mild pressure to the skin over the tibial nerve on the affected side, 30 sec/point (dose/point 20.1 J/cm2) repeated 3 times with a 5 sec interval between irradiations. Two sessions were given per week for 1 week. At the end of the week, we recognized LLLT effects in 11 cases out of 15. the other 4 patients had little or no effect but were in their fifties, and had successive bouts of ankle clonus. LLLT is a promising medical treatment for the attenuation of CVA-related spasticity of the triceps surae muscle spasticity, and facilitate voluntary movements in such patients. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which LLLT can attenuate spasticity.
LASER THERAPY. 2008, Vol. 17, No. 2, p.95-99
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/islsm/17/2/17_95/_article
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are there any studies with low level laser and neck injuries?
yes . read the front page of THOR laser.com